Saturday, August 31, 2019
Management and National Service Training
| Taguig city univesity|  |  |  | | Bachelor in science in computer science|  |  |  |  | Checklist|  |  |  | Name:|  | Student no. | |  |  |  |  | Subject code| Subject description| Units| Grade| Instructor|  | Semester 1|  |  |  | Eng 111| Effective reading, writing and listening skills/study and thinking skills| 3|  |  | Fil 111| Sining ng pakikipagtalastasan| 3|  |  | Math 111| Basic math algebra| 3|  |  | Com 111| Basic computer (i. t)| 3|  |  | Soc. Sc 111| General psychology| 3|  |  | Cs 111 s1| Logic formulation and introduction to programming| 3|  |  | Cs 111 s1| Fundamental of typing and word processing| 1|  |  | P. 111| Introduction to physical activities| 2|  |  | Nstp 111| National service training program i| 3|  |  |  | Semester 2|  |  |  | Eng 122| Effective speech | 3|  |  | Fil 122| Pagbasa at pag sulat sa ibat bang disiplina| 3|  |  | Math 122| Applied math trigonometry| 3|  |  | Soc sc. 112| General sociology| 3|  |  | Cs 123 s1| File processing and database system| 3|  |  | Cs 124 s1| Computer programming i| 3|  |  | Phys 121 l1| College physics i| 4|  |  | P. e 122| Dance with music| 2|  |  | Nstp 122| National service training program ii| 3|  |  |  | Semester 3|  |  |  |Eng 213| Research and technical writing| 3|  |  | Nat sc 211| Biological science| 3|  |  | Soc sc 213| Philippine history, constitution and government| 3|  |  | Phys 212 l1| Collage physics 2| 4|  |  | Math 213| Analytical geometry | 3|  |  | Cs 215| Probability and statistics| 3|  |  | Cs 216 s2| Computer programming ii| 3|  |  | Cs 217 s3| Computer programming iii| 3|  |  | P. e 213| Dual/individual/aquatic/combative sports| 2|  |  |  | Semester 4|  |  |  | Lit 221| Panitikang pilipino| 3|  |  | Nat sc 222| Physical science (geology)| 3|  |  | Soc. Sc 224| Entrepreneurship| 3|  |  |Acg 221| Fundamental of accounting| 3|  |  | Math 224| Differential calculus| 3|  |  | Cs 228 s1| Database design management| 3|  |  | Cs 229| Electronics for cs switching theory| 3|  |  | Cs 2210 s1| Data structure and file organization| 3|  |  | P. e 224| Team sports| 2|  |  | | Semester 5|  |  |  | Lit 312| Asian and world literature| 3|  |  | Soc sc 315| Rizal's life works and writing| 3|  |  | Math 315| Integral calculus| 3|  |  | Cs 3111| Discrete mathematics i| 3|  |  | Cs 3112| Operating system| 3|  |  | Cs 3113| Presentation skills in i. t| 3|  |  |Coe 311 lt| Logic design| 4|  |  | Cs elec 311| Html / web page design| 3|  |  | | Semester 6|  |  |  | Soc sc 326| Values ad work ethics| 3|  |  | Soc sc 327| Principles of economics with taxation and agrarian reform| 3|  |  | Cs 3214| Dis crete mathematics ii| 3|  |  | Cs 3215 l1| Research in computer science| 3|  |  | Cs 3216| Automata and language theory| 3|  |  | Cs 3217| System analysis and design i| 3|  |  | Cs 3218 s1| Computer and organization with assembly language programming| 3|  |  | Cs 3219| Data communication and networking| 3|  |  | Cs elec 322| Microprocessor| 3|  |  | Semester 7|  |  |  | Cs 4120 s1| System analysis and design ii (implementation)| 3|  |  | Cs 4121| Management and information system and current trends and issues in i. t| 3|  |  | Cs 4122| I. t professional ethics and values| 3|  |  | Cs 4123 l2| Industrial organization and management| 3|  |  | Cs 4124| E-commerce| 3|  |  | Cs elec 413| Software engineering| 3|  |  | Cs elec 414| Project management| 3|  |  | Cs elec 415|  |  |  |  | | Semester 8|  |  |  | Ojt 412| On the job training| 6|  |  | Release by_______________ _________ | Taguig City Univesity|  |  |  | Bachelor in Science In Travel Management|  |  |  |  | CHECKLIST|  |  |  | Name:|  | Student No. | |  |  |  |  | Subject Code| Subject Description| Units| Grade| Instructor|  | Semester 1|  |  |  | Comm arts 1| efecive reading, writing and listening skills/study and thinking skills| 3|  |  | fil 1| sining ng pakikipagtalastasan| 3|  |  | nat sci 1| Pinciples of safety, hygiene and sanitation| 3|  |  | Tc 1| priciples of tourism| 3|  |  | lit 1| survey o world and philippine literature| 3|  |  | math 1| business math| 3|  |  | nat sci 2| environmental science| 3|  |  | p. 1| introduction to physical activities| 2|  |  | Nstp 1| national service training program I| 3|  |  | | | | | | | Semester 2|  |  |  | comm arts 2| Advanced language skills in critical thinking and problem solving| 3|  |  | fil 122| pagbasa at pag s ulat sa ibat bang disiplina| 3|  |  | logic| formal and informal theories| 3|  |  | tc 2| principles of tourism 2| 3|  |  | tc 3| culinary arts and sciences| 3|  |  | comp 1| business computer| 3|  |  | hum 1| appreciation of various forms of arts| 3|  |  | pe 2| dance with music| 2|  |  | nstp 2| national service training proram II| 3|  |  |  | Semester 3|  |  |  | c 4| total quality management| 3|  |  | trm 1| world tourism geography and culture| 3|  |  | trm 2| philippine tourism geography and culture| 3|  |  | math 2| basic statistics| 3|  |  | bc 1| principles of management| 3|  |  | tc 5| tourism planning and development| 3|  |  | bc 2| human behavior in organization| 3|  |  | p. e 3| dual/individual/aquatic/combative sports| 2|  |  |  | Semester 4|  |  |  | soc. Sci. 1| cultural anthropology with IP| 3|  |  | tc 6| entrepreneurship and business plannin g| 3|  |  | bc 3| principles of marketing| 3|  |  | c 4| basic finance| 3|  |  | trm 3| international and domestic tour planning, packaging and pricing| 3|  |  | bc 5| business communication| 3|  |  | p. e 4| team sports| 2|  |  | | Semester 5|  |  |  | trm 4| air, sea and land travel sales and management – part I| 3|  |  | soc sci 2| general psychology| 3|  |  | bc 6| management information system| 3|  |  | bc 7| basic accounting| 3|  |  | trm pe 1| tour guiding and escorting| 3|  |  | trm pe 2| travel documentation| 3|  |  | flp| foreign language profiiency| 3|  |  | | Semester 6|  |  |  | oc sci 3| philippine history, gvernment and constitution| 3|  |  | trm 5| E- commerce the internet and the global distribution system| 3|  |  | trm 6| travel management| 3|  |  | soc sci 4| basic economics| 3|  |  | trm – pe 3| travel accounting| 3|  |  | tr m – pe 4| tourism laws, legal responsibilities and taxation| 3|  |  | flp 2| foreign language profiiency II| 3|  |  | | Semester 7|  |  |  | trm – pe 5| air, sea and land travel sales and management – part II| 3|  |  | trm – pe 6| cooperate travel management| 3|  |  | tc 7| events management| 4|  |  | ms 1| life and work of rizal| 3|  |  |Gsr| gorup study research (thesis feasibility study with oral defense)| 3|  |  |  | Semester 8|  |  |  | OJT 412| on the job traning in taravel management| 6|  |  | Release by________________________ | Taguig City Univesity|  |  |  | | Bachelor in Science In Criminology|  |  |  | | CHECKLIST|  |  |  | Name:|  | Student No. | |  |  |  |  | Subject Code| Subject Description| Units| Grade| Instructor|  | Semester 1|  |  |  | eng 1| efecive reading, writing and listening skills/study and thinking skills| 3|  |  | fil 122| sining ng pakikipagtalastasan| 3|  |  | ath 1| Collage algebra| 3|  |  | soc sci 1| political science with philippine constitution| 3|  |  | comp 1| computer application| 3|  |  | soc sci 2| general psychology| 3|  |  | crim 1| introduction to criminology and psychology of crimes| 3|  |  | p. e 1| fundamentals of martial arts| 2|  |  | Nstp 1| national service training program I| 3|  |  | | Semester 2|  |  |  | eng 2| speech and oral communication| 3|  |  | fil 2| pagbasa at pag sulat sa ibat bang disiplina| 3|  |  | math 2| plane trigonometry| 3|  |  | ea 1| police organization and administration with polica and planning| 3|  |  | crim 2| philippine criminal justice system| 3|  |  | crim 3| ethics and values| 3|  |  | lea 2| industrial security management| 3|  |  | soc sci 3| society and culture with pop ed| 2|  |  | p. e 2| disarming techninques| 3|  |  | nstp 2| national sevice taining progam II|  |  |  |  | Semester 3|  |  |  | eng 3| technical report writing I| 3|  |  | clj 1| Criminal law (book 1)| 3|  |  | nat sci 1| general chemistry | 3|  |  | lea 3| police patrol operation with police communication system| 3|  |  | lea 4| plolice intelligence| 3|  |  | riminalistics 1| personal identification| 4|  |  | phil hist| philippine history| 3|  |  | p. e 3| first aid and water survival| 2|  |  | | Semester 4|  |  |  | eng 4| technical report writing II| 3|  |  | ciminology 4| juvenile delinquncy and crime documentary| 3|  |  | cdi 1| fundamentals of ciminal investigation| 3|  |  | ciminalistics 2| police photography| 4|  |  | clj 2| Criminal law (book 2)| 3|  |  | nat sci 2| forensic chemistry and toxology| 5|  |  | philo 1| logic| 3|  |  | p. e 4| Marksmanship and combat shooting| 2|  |  | | Semester 5|  |  |  | it 1| philippine literature / panitikan ng filipinas| 3|  |  | soc sci 4| basic economics with tax| 3|  |  | lea 5| Police personnel and record management| 3|  |  | cdi 2| Traffic management and accident investigation| 3|  |  | ciminalistics 3| Forensic ballistic| 3|  |  | ciminalistics 4| Questioned documents examination| 4|  |  | ca 1| institutional correction| 4|  |  | |  | 3|  |  | | Semester 6|  |  |  | rizal course| Life and works of rizal| 3|  |  | criminalistics 5| Photography (lie detector)| 4|  |  | ca 2| Non- institutional correction| 3|  |  | cdi 3| Special crime investigation| 3|  |  | riminology 5| Human behavior and crisis management| 3|  |  | cdi 4| organize crime investigation|  |  |  | clj 3| Criminal procedures| 3|  |  | | Semester 7|  |  |  | lea 6| Combative police system| 3|  |  | cdi 5| Drug education and vice control| 3 |  |  | cdi 6| Fire technology and arson investigation| 3|  |  | criminalistics 6| Legal medicine| 3|  |  | criminology 6| Criminological research and statistics| 3|  |  | clj 4| Criminal evidence |  |  |  | clj 5| Court testimony|  |  |  | | Semester 8|  |  |  | practicum 1 and 2| on the job traning and community immersion| 6|  |  |ENROLLMENT SYSTEM Taguig City University Enrolment System is a system which is used to help the enrolment organizer to make the enrolment transaction become more fast and easily. It will store all the complete details of the students easily. REGISTRATION The Registration form is a form which the students must fill in during enrollment. It contains the basic requirements for the enrollment process. Student records information system (SRIS) is an automated system that will arrange and computerize student’s information such as: ID number, name, address, contact no. e-mail, and other registratio n form information. OLD PROCESS OF ENROLLMENT TCU 1. Inquire/Scheduling of Examination 2. Examination 3. Result of examination 4. If passed, requirements 5. Interview 6. Enrolment Steps: * Passing of requirements ; authenticate original requirements * Selecting Course * Validation (signing) * Select Schedule * Seal (Enrolled) * Sectioning * ID picture * Medical OTHER SCHOOL PROCESS * Secure a Student Admission Form from the Registrar’s Office. * Fill out the Student Admission Form and submit it together with the required documents to the Registrar’s Office for validation. Take the exam or interview if required by the Registrar. * Consult the Registrar about the courses to enroll in and the registration schedule. * Select a class schedule, fill out the Registration Form and submit it to the Registrar’s Office for assessment. * Pay the corresponding fees to the cashier. * Obtain a copy of the form with the official stamp by presenting the official receipt to the R egistrar’s Office. * Present your copy of the Registration Form on the first day of classes for identification. FLOWCHART
Holistic/Direct Observation/Witness Statement Professional Discussion Essay
Outcome 1.1: How do you review the range of individuals and groups in your workplace whose communication needs must be addressed? As an assistant manager I have a responsibility to my residents, to accommodate, and provide support for all residents, and their individual communication needs. By performing assessments with individual residents, I am able to understand the problems they have with communication, and actions and aids we can supply, to enable them to communicate effectively. In assessing communication needs, I need to consider each individual, and cater for the individual’s needs. I need to consider ‘groups’ of individuals, for instance males/females, foreign speaking users, deaf/Blind users etc. The actions and aids we supply for communication needs should benefit not just the individual, but the group of service users as a whole, and encourage interaction, inclusion, and social contacts. Regular reviews should be performed to ensure individual needs are being met and I do this during my 3 monthly care plan reviews. Outcome 1.2: Explain how you support effective communication within your job role To support effective communication within my job role I encourage the staff and clients to discuss any concerns or suggestions they may have to improve the care and service we provide. This Is done through supervisions/appraisals and we also give the staff the opportunity to make suggestions in our staff meetings. Staff are encouraged to put any points they would like to raise in writing and hand to myself or the manager for team discussion at the meeting. Our clients have the opportunity to raise any issues or concerns at the resident meetings that are held every two months, and also via their keyworker on a monthly basis. Staff and clients are also able to discuss any issue in confidence with myself or the manager in private. Outcome 1.3: Explain how you analyse the barriers and challenges to communication within your own job role. There are several barriers that may affect the flow of communication. These barriers interrupt the flow of communication from the sender to the receiver, thus making communication ineffective. It is essential for managers to overcome these barriers. The first barriers to check out are those that an employee could be creating. People may think that they are doing everything possible to assist communication, but they should make sure that they are not making it difficult for people to understand what they say for instance using abbreviations another person does not understand. People should avoid professional jargon and terminology. Also to speak as clearly as possible and repeat themselves if necessary. Someone with a strong accent may find it increasing difficult to make themselves understood. Physical barriers – these are due to the nature of the environment where people are trying to communicate. It could be there are distractions or noise, such as the TV on or interferences from a loudspeaker. Other problems may be caused by faulty equipment and it is important to check things such as hearing aids on a regular basis to make sure they are working effectively. Outcome 2.1: Explain how you monitor the effectiveness of communication systems and practices in your work place. This is monitored through supervision and appraisal, quality assurance survey, daily reports and handovers. Outcome 2.2: Explain how and why you should evaluate existing communication systems and practices We evaluate by communicating on a regular basis with staff and clients through meetings and informal chats to make sure systems and practices are working effectively. This is important to maintain a high standard of communication and care, and to minimise the risk of important information being lost or overlooked. Outcome 2.3: What improvements would you propose to put in place for the communication systems and practices used which will address any shortcomings? I would propose regular training updates for staff and maintain a close working relationship with our local gp’s and district nurse team to keep informed of any changes on either side. Outcome 3.2: How do you compare the effectiveness of different communication systems for partnership working? Effective partnership working is built upon a clear understanding of the different roles each person has in supporting the client. Increasing clarity and agreement about roles and responsibilities improves understanding, and leads to mutually supportive relationships. We compare the effectiveness by keeping open close lines of communication with all agencies that maybe involved in an individual’s care and relaying appropriate information to those involved. We also send out annual quality assurance surveys to all agencies we work with and the families of our clients. Collating or collecting information is essential in monitoring the effectiveness of the communication systems. We can collect the information observing, getting feedback from others and recording information. So we need to work with others to identify ways to support the continued development of communication. Care professionals communicate with colleagues and other professionals in many contexts every day. Effe ctive communication requires personal and professional respect for others, trust in the judgement and values of colleagues, good verbal and listening skills. Outcome 3.3: What improvements would you propose to make improvements to communication systems for partnership working? I would propose a main point of contact for each team involved and regular group meetings to discuss issues that may arise, also regular feedback sessions to ensure we are working together effectively. Outcome 4.1: Explain legal and ethical tensions between maintaining confidentiality and sharing information. This arises when you feel someone in your care maybe suffering from some form of abuse from either a family member or member of staff or they have told you something in strict confidence. You have a duty of care to protect the individual but the tensions may arise if the client has told you something in confidence but you feel action needs to be taken and you have to pass sensitive information to a third party. Outcome 4.2: What are the essential features of information sharing agreements within and between organisations? Information needed for the safety and wellbeing of a client should only be passed on to outside agencies after consultation with the client and only after their consent has been obtained. Information should only be shared on a need to know basis and total respect must be given to confidentiality regarding all aspects of a client’s care.
Friday, August 30, 2019
Health Issues in the Aborigines Culture
Health Issues in the Aborigines Culture Over the course of history, the state of Aboriginal health has deteriorated in a relation much similar to the culture’s struggle to survive in the ever-changing society. As a result, this state has changed from an ideal balance with nature during the days of their hunter-gatherer lifestyle, to the more disoriented form of endurance in order to cope with obligatory integration and open antagonism by other ‘modern’ communities (Grbich, 2004).This has led to an augmentation of the encumbrance of illness and death as well as diverse forms of morbidity that Aboriginal communities experience throughout their lives. It is indeed ironical that while under the context of an organized and industrialized nation such as Australia, indigenous communities continue to face increased health problems even despite countrywide efforts at eradicating health risks thereby reducing mortality rates for children and adults alike as well as communic able and non-communicable morbidity indicators.Indigenous health problems are also noted to be a combination of third world-associated quandaries such as high rates of maternal and infant mortality as well as low life expectancy, malnutrition and other communicable diseases; as well as more ‘Western lifestyle’ health problems such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, drug and alcohol abuse, mental illness, and many others (Lewis, 2003). This paper therefore looks at the epidemiology of the state of health for the Aboriginal community, delving into the possible sociological reasons behind this increasingly deplorable condition.At the same time, a clearer perspective will be offered into the widening gap that is noted between the state of health for Aboriginal communities and that of other Australians further putting this into a social context. The effect of a modern society on health care provision to indigenous communities is also discussed, as well as the health issue s facing these people such as high blood pressure, stress, drugs, alcohol and poor children’s health. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2008), the Aboriginal community faces higher rates of ill health than any other group in Australia.From the estimate of an average of 450,000 Aborigines in Australia, it is observed that when compared to other communities, this community faces enhanced problems of chronic illness and problems from cigarette smoking in addition to other health issues. Among the various problems faced by the Aboriginal people include children’s health issues. These include low birth weight accompanied by an infant mortality rate that is almost three times that of the national average; such a figure results to 15. 2 deaths of Aborigine infants as compared to 5 from other communities per 1,000 births (Thomas, 2003).Other factors connected to low birth weight include that of an enhanced risk for consequent diseases during puberty and adultho od that may lead to neonatal death. Low birth weight of the infant is associated with a slow growth rate and short pregnancy length, with Aboriginal women noted to have a 12. 4% chance to have a low birth weight baby as compared to 6. 2% for a non-Aboriginal woman (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). Other issues noted in Aboriginal children include the prevalence of poverty among the members of this group thereby leading to ill-health and poor benefits especially for the young.In addition to a higher rate of low birth weight in Aboriginal women, their children also face a greater risk of malnutrition. The advantage of breastfeeding is noted during the early months, with this offering an additional defense against common infant diseases. However, after weaning, the lack of nutritious foods increases the likelihood of children to contract infectious diseases further enhancing the children’s malnutrition. Other health problems faced by children include the prevalence of mid dle ear infection, consequently affecting the learning abilities of the child that may have speech and hearing problems.At the same time, the high rate of smoking among the Aboriginal community leads to a high exposure of the children to tobacco smoke during pregnancy and even after birth. This then leads to the noted increase in the prevalence of respiratory disorders including asthma and other related ailments. Other diseases faced by pre-pubescent Aborigines include chest and throat infections as well as injuries from accidents. Adult male Aborigines also face higher risks of accidental injuries as compared to non-aboriginal adult males.This increases their chances for hospitalization which is also enhanced by heart and chest diseases as well as digestive tract ailments. Aboriginal women similarly have higher rates of urinary and reproductive complications as compared to non-aboriginal women with the latter complications leading to strained pregnancy and births. On an overall bas is, members of the Aboriginal communities are twice as likely to be hospitalized as compared their non-aboriginal counterparts (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). These results from an enhanced susceptibility to injuries sustained during accidents as well as the aforementioned causes.It is also noted that Aboriginal people usually have a higher vulnerability to infectious diseases such as sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, as well as other potentially fatal conditions such as Tuberculosis and Haemophilus influenza type b (Lutschini, 2005). Diet and nutrition plays a major role in the state of health of the Aboriginal people. Before the influence of settlers who arrived in Australia, Aboriginal people were used to their hunter-gatherer lifestyles that incorporated the consumption of wild meats and fallow plants.These customary foods were rich in nutrients, protein and carbohydrates, while also having limited supplies of sugars and fat. As a result, the Aboriginal people were healthy and did not face diet-related ailments. With the introduction of Westernized foods, which contain higher levels of sugars and fat, while being low on essential nutrients, the Aboriginal people have become more vulnerable to diet disorders such as diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. This increased rate is also noted to be higher in Aborigines than in non-aborigines who are considered to be used to these ‘modern’ foods.Aboriginal people have also been noted to have a shorter life expectancy than that of non-indigenous communities with Aboriginal males expected to live for around 57 years as compared to 62 years for their female counterparts; this translates to a shortfall of around 18 to 20 years when compared to non-aborigines (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). There are diverse causes of this early death amongst the aborigines that include twice the rate of cardiovascular disorders that include strokes and heart failures as compared to non-aborigines.At the same time, aborigines are three times as likely to succumb to injuries sustained from accidents as well as other causes such as homicide and even suicide. When seeking an explanation as to these health profiles, it is important to take into consideration the historical context of the changing environment that the Aborigines have had to contend with. Prior to European colonization, these individuals were used to a supportive environment as well as a multifaceted social support network. They also had an advanced comprehension of their ecology which was advantageous in providing all their nutritional and health requirements.This was also enhanced by an active lifestyle whose foundation was a community that promoted a family culture that exhibited psychosocial veracity (White, 2002). The advent of colonization brought with it a change in lifestyle making the Aborigines more inactive and dependent on the European settlers. This resulted in t heir acquisition of undesirable products and infectious diseases that their health systems were not equipped to handle. At the same time, a societal shift was noted that clashed with the culture, heritage as well as the concept of family that the Aborigines were used to.In recent years, there has been an effort at social integration coupled with dealing with public health issues at all facets of the community (Carson, Dunbar & Chenhall, 2007). However, even with an overall reduction in the mortality and death rates of all Australians, it is noted that the Aboriginal community still records significantly higher rates of the same. Due to the overall effect that historical events have had on the Aboriginal community including lack of education, poor employment opportunities, elevated drug and alcohol abuse, the improvement of health amongst this community continues to be an uphill battle.Other problems are as a result of the lack of access to health services by some Aboriginal communit ies. This is credited to both the physical distance to such amenities as well as various aspects of cultural insensitivity. Due to the occupation of rural areas by the Aboriginal people, they accessibility to healthcare is hampered by the lack of transport usually resulting in less frequent visits to health professionals. The cultural perception about health and quality of health services also plays a major role in healthcare service provision (Germov, 2004).Indeed, it is noted that the Aborigines are more likely to be influenced by spiritual beliefs such as curses and punishment from alleged transgression than biomedical views on health. As a result, Aboriginal people are more likely to accept the views of traditional healers as opposed to opinions offered by Western health professionals. Other conflicts between traditional Aboriginal views and those provided under the constructs of biomedical provisions include the notion of informed consent especially when an approval is sought t o proceed with a medical procedure.For instance traditional applications of the role of kinship as well as community relationships will take precedence, in the minds of the Aborigines, over that of the sole consent of a patient (McGrath & Phillips, 2008). These cultural differences also expand into the concepts of immediacy and time, the comprehension of health and illness, as well as information on the potential benefits, and harms of treatment especially when a language barrier is present thereby hindering the patient-doctor interaction.In precis of the epidemiological aspects of Aboriginal health, it is noted that the advent of European colonization brought with it the change in the community’s health structure. This was either due to an alteration of the epidemiological dynamics of diseases that were already present including an induction of novel and contagious diseases, or by a change in lifestyle increasing the vulnerability of the indigenous people to such ailments.Ir respective of the sources of the problem, it is noted that the prevalence of health problems is higher in Aborigines than in non-aborigines with inequities arising due to inadequate healthcare for the former, as well as cultural disparities that exist between the two societies and that promote the further segregation of health services among them. When making considerations into the various views held by social theorists to the situations faced by Aborigines, a further analysis can be drawn into the health situation and the disparities faced by this community in relation to that of non-aborigines.Marx’s view of class, work and alienation, is such a theory. This theory has been utilized by many ideologists who have affirmed the presence of an oppressive structure in any society that is maintained by the dominant culture, language or social position (Western & Najman, 2000). The lesser group therefore undergoes manipulation and control at the will of the more ascendant group. T his phenomenon is also noted to traverse generations, cultures and time therefore being present in all societies.To further its causes, the dominant culture promotes its ideologies through education as well as other services provisions which favor the ruling class and keep the lesser group unaware of their rights. Thus the ownership of power of capital maintain structures that provide for the maintenance and concentration of this power among the elite thereby ensuring that it is not lost or watered down with the effects of time. Such structures, according to various social theorists, extend past the constructs of schools and education and even go as far as health provisions such as the case under study (McGrath & Phillips, 2008).In the societal and cultural context of the state of Aboriginal health in Australia, it can be argued that its structure over time has been altered to serve the best interests of the more dominant non-aboriginal communities. As a result, the Aboriginal peopl e have received constant interference, oppression and misinterpretation as to the rights that are provided to them in healthcare as well as other community services that they are entitled to. There are also similarities noted between this form domination and the colonialist tyranny by Europeans over other societies in Africa, South American and parts of East Asia.The main effect of such oppression was the changing of the mindset or perceptions of the indigenous communities as to their rights and the changes they had to make to their traditions (Grbich, 2004). Proponents of this view argue of its accurate assertion on the negative Western attitudes towards cultural aspects and the wellbeing of Aboriginal people and how these have been propagated in all aspects of the society, including healthcare provision.This can therefore be construed as the actions of a dominant culture that reserves its gains in science to not only promote the agenda of this ‘stronger’ community but to also portray the Aborigines as being crushed and submissive. This further alienates the two societies further alienating the Aboriginal people and resulting in cultural insensitivity. Indeed, this has been noted as one of the reasons behind why the Aborigines do not advocate for the use of biomedical options of treatment but opt to stick to traditional forms of healing based more on their spiritual beliefs.The sociological change in relation to this theory can be observed with the Aboriginal approach at self-empowerment in which they aim at gaining the necessary skills to seek their rights thereby gaining security from current and future forms of oppression. This is evident with the acceptance by the Aboriginal communities to not only seek biomedical approaches to treatment but to also comprehend the underlying aspects of science and language that the non-aboriginal communities had used to oppress them in the past.By taking a proactive approach at undertaking research into the h ealth issues affecting them as well as the possible application of their findings into their communities, the Aboriginal people are gaining assurance and assertion from the knowledge of medicine and other forms of science through. As a result, the possibility of improving their health and wellbeing becomes an ever-closer reality (White, 2002). Another perspective that can be adopted scrutinize issues based on Aboriginal health are those proposed by Erving Goffman.This theorist discussed various notions such as stigma, passing, deviance and social control and how these affected social structures and the manner in which individual members of a community interacted with each other. For instance, Goffman affirmed that the prevalence of stigma resulted from the lack of comprehension of an unknown, with this perspective leading to a change of attitude or behavior towards the object under scrutiny. This theorist further described three forms of stigma including physical abominations, imper fections of character, and tribal stigma (Lewis, 2003).Aspects of the latter form can therefore be observed in the provision of healthcare to Aboriginal communities being neglected by the mainstream communities that are predominantly non-aboriginal. This is due to a lack of understanding of the Aboriginal customs and beliefs especially regarding health and illness and the associated forms of treatment. Similarly proponents of the theorist’s views assert the clear observations of aspects of social control against Aboriginal communities in all aspects of the society, and including the healthcare system.In the past, some form of segregation has been observed amongst healthcare providers when offering their services to Aborigines and non-aborigines (Carson et al. , 2007). The poor delivery of health services the former leads to the deplorable health state of this particular community and can be further attributed to the widening gap between the states of health on a community lev el. Providing primary health care to meet specific Aboriginal needs has not been put under consideration with this being a major indicator of the flaws of the system.Various other social theorists have added their diverse views about the state of health of the Aboriginal community in Australia. According to McGrath & Phillips (2008), research into the effects of public health system and especially on the response by various institutions to indigenous public health needs is lacking. At the same time, healthcare provision for aboriginal communities is not directed by the needs of the indigenous people, as it should be, thereby demonstrating a flaw in the power structure between non-aboriginal health experts and Aboriginal health workers.As a result, provision of indigenous health care takes a back seat thereby promoting the already deplorable state of affairs. Such a notion is further promoted by the sociological view that the flaws in the public healthcare systems that are not in the favor of the Aboriginal community, stem from the unbalanced nature of the political economy. According to this perspective, the political and economic relations that exist promote the negative effects noted in the public healthcare system.The asymmetrical access that the Aboriginal people have to the political and economic resources in Australia is therefore translated into various structural and situational disadvantages such as the lack of access to health services by Aboriginal communities. At the same time, the public health system is flawed for dealing with population-based aspects of healthcare in which the population is considered to be asocial.The resultant notion therefore asserts that the public health system assumes that the needs of various communities are similar and that no underlying societal disparities exist (Western & Najman, 2000). The resultant situation is that of a system that deals with the needs of the predominant culture or community which in this case is t hat of the non-aborigines and neglects the needs of the lesser communities. This leads to the lack of appropriate health care for the needs of the Aboriginal people further adding to the poor state of health affairs faced by the indigenous societies.In retrospect, the sociological explanations behind the state of Aboriginal health are noted to be based on flaws in the political and economic structures that provide the basis of public health. As a result, a relation can be further made between the social and political influences and the provision of public healthcare to Indigenous communities. Such flawed structures can therefore be blamed for the poor state of affairs in a situation that can be controlled by an emphasis for health services that cater for the needs of the Aboriginal community.Such systems should also not offer any room to any form of segregation whether as a result of stigma or as a result of forms of oppression by a dominant culture over another that it deems as inf erior. Aboriginal health is indeed an important aspect of health, illness and well-being in Australia that needs consideration. The increasing disparities that are noted between the states of health of Aborigines and non-aborigines provide a sufficient need to worry especially with the differences being added by sociological boundaries that exist in the healthcare system.The changes in social, political and economic attitudes should provide a foundation to improve health services and awareness of the Aboriginal community in order to increase life expectancy, decrease mortality rates at all stages of life, reduce the impact of diseases and enhance the social and emotional well being of members of this and all communities, thereby leading to a unified healthy nation. Works CitedAustralian Bureau of Statistics 2008, The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2008, Viewed June 3, 2009, Carson, B, Dunbar, T ; Chenhall, RD 2007, Social Determinant s of Indigenous Health, Allen ; Unwin, Sydney Eckersley, R, Dixon, J, Douglas, RM ; Douglas B 2001, The social origins of health and well-being, Cambridge University Press Grbich, C 2004, Health in Australia: Sociological Concepts and Issues, Pearson Longman, Sydney Germov, J 2004, Second opinion: an introduction to Health Sociology, Oxford, Melbourne Lewis, MJ 2003, The People's Health: Public health in Australia, Greenwood Publishing Group, Sydney Lutschini, M 2005, ‘Engaging with holism in Australian Aboriginal health policy – a review’, Australia / New Zealand Health Policy, vol. 2, no. 5, Department of Public Health, University of Melbourne McGrath, P & Phillips, E 2008 ‘Western Notions of Informed Consent and Indigenous Cultures: Australian Findings at the Interface’, Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 21-31 Thomas, RK 2003, Society and health: sociology for health professionals, Springer Publishers, New York Western, JS & Najma n, JM 2000, A sociology of Australian society, Macmillan Education, Sydney White, K 2002, An Introduction to the Sociology of Health and Illness, Sage Publications: London Willis, E 2004, The Sociological Quest: an introduction to the study of social life (4th Ed), Allen & Unwin, Sydney
Thursday, August 29, 2019
Customer Supply Chain Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words
Customer Supply Chain - Assignment Example It has been noted that corporate and business level strategy has often overlooked the manufacturing function (Kotha and Orne, 1989). Indeed, Skinner (1969) claimed the focus of corporate strategy on a firm's business mix and short-term profitability had eroded the manufacturing infrastructure and its potential link with long-term profitability. Meanwhile, business level strategy has focused primarily on product positioning (Mintzberg, 1988) and has generated only limited discussion on how to actually produce a product or service that fits the prescribed Position (i.e., Porter's value chain (1985) and Kotha and Orne (1989). Now, however, banks are implementing a new type of supply chain management, where the firm views the supply channel as a whole system instead of concentrating on each part of the process. The bank focuses on all efforts, from the development of new products to their launch and successful implementation for the valued customers. This allows more communication to exist within the organisation and problems to be more easily identified. (DeCovny 2003) I shall show that implementing effective supply chain management is an advantage for banks that provide services. ... (Andraski, 1998) A case study from the Banking industry will be used to reinforce the importance and value of supply chain management in the service sector. I shall evaluate implementation steps and the benefits and limitations of supply chain management. Finally, a discussion of our conclusions on the subject of supply chain management in the service industry is provided (Ellram, 1991) Supply chain management has emerged as one of the major areas for companies to gain a competitive edge. Managing supply chains effectively is a complex and challenging task, due to the current business trends of expanding product variety, short product life cycle, increasing outsourcing, globalisation of businesses, and continuous advances in information technology. The Internet has contributed to both the increasing needs and opportunities for improved supply chain management. With the Internet, companies in a supply chain can be connected in real time with information and knowledge shared continuously, new products and services can be designed to fit special market segments, and new supply chain structures can be developed to serve customers in a more direct manner. When a company faces the pressure of excessive inventory, degraded customer service, escalating costs and declining profits, or a poor return on assets, its supply chain is out of control. On the other hand, when a company moves in to new markets or new technologies, it must have its supply chain prepared for the new business challenges and opportunities. Although there are many new supply chain concepts and fads designed to exploit the advantages of the Internet, successful companies understand that the right supply chain strategy is dependent on a number of factors: - The strategy needs to be tailored to meet
Wednesday, August 28, 2019
EasyJet Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
EasyJet Strategic Management - Essay Example Easyjet has focused on the strategy of being safe and sustainable, in which is a strategy to fulfil the means of the airline staying afloat through all conditions and circumstances that the economy may go through (Easyjet plc, 2011). With this in mind, the company has seen the successful implementation of safety measures, where the company focuses on the wellbeing of the clients and the efficiency of their services to meet the needs and demands of their clients. In addition, the safety applies to the services they provide, where the record they have is one to be envied following a small number of incidences. Though the incidents do not leave a lot to be desired, they have shaped the airline, especially considering its low-cost flights that it offers to clients. With this in mind, their low-cost strategy also calls for sustainability so that the airline becomes a market leader, which has been achieved by a number of things. This is one by having partnerships with other companies to pr ovide towards some of its needs, which include marketing and fuel issues (Parsons, 2011). This can be evidenced by the joining of the airline in Visiting Britain’s marketing partnership, where it seeks to capture a larger market bases as opposed to the one it captured by working on its own marketing strategies, and the sustainability plans focus on generating revenues and expansions that can continue to be there for a long time to come (Johnson, 2011). As such, the sustainability of the revenues and abilities of the company are the main strategies in place to drive the company to a new level and maintain its notch at the top. In addition, the company applies the strategy of keeping the customer first, which couples with the safety and sustainability strategy, in which case the customer takes priority of operations. This is evidenced by the footprint of the airline across Europe where there is a strong presence of the airline going all over Europe, which is the main focus of t he airline. As such, the airline focuses on the clients in that the footprints are a representation of the company’s clients and their destinations. This is coupled with the improvement of the customer’s experience, where in spite of suffering staffing shortages, there have been improved services to attract more customers and meet their travel needs as they travel with them to give value for their money in their low-cost flights (Niththyananthanpara, 2010). Other companies competing against Easyjet in domestic air travel include Jet2, BMI Baby and Ryan Air among others, but with the strategies used by
Tuesday, August 27, 2019
Comparative Politics 4 Current events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Comparative Politics 4 Current events - Essay Example She had criticized the opinion polls for giving wrong information. She wanted to convince her supporters that she was only the right candidate for the post as the other two candidates were only fit for other big business. The major thing that she wanted to bring out was the monopoly the banks and financial systems had experienced. Marine Le Pen reminded the supporters about the collapsed government of Holland earlier that week. The collapse was based on detestation of immigrants and Islam. The article continues to bring out Wilders and Le Pen as people who joined the right parties that propelled them to victory. Economic crisis is influencing politics in many parts of the world. It is shown the many factors that influence voters during election time. These range from debts and globalization. Popular people who were considered the right candidate for a similar financial position come from nations that have well established welfare states such as Austria, Denmark or Finland. Such popul ar people like Pia Kj?rsgaard from Denmark make promises of availing public spending and introducing immigration controls. Such measures cannot be welcomed easily in America. Americans expect to hear proposals about tax that penalize the deprived and favor the affluent. Americans are used to listening to high expending on bombs and social issues like gay marriage in election time. The Americans were awakened by the 2008 crash and the Tea Party. The working class people are no longer fooled by empty promises on social security issues. They now understand business and the role of the government. Capitalism is witnessed by even the poor as they differentiate between donated money in commerce and the associated cost when things do not work out. The Americans need to stop fearing Islam and stop focusing more on constitution of the government so as to understand factors that Europe base on when they campaign for elections. Europe base more on economic decline or growth, globalization and political stability. The importance of this current event to world politics is that it enables people to appreciate the main factors that are based on within politics. Supporters came to understand the factors Europe puts upfront: economic growth, globalization and political stability. At the same time, Americans came to hear only of proposals on tax favoring the rich, high spending on bombs and usual social issues. This makes them to stick to principles that are conservative and tend to be enduring in every aspect. If American politicians could understand the same parameters as those Europeans, public sectors will be saved from destruction. And even the corporations will aim at benefitting the voters more than the politicians. Obama, Romney skip taxpayer money for campaign obtained from: http://content.usatoday.com/communities/onpolitics/post/2012/04/mitt-romney-public-financing-presidential-campaign-/1 This article presents this current event as one of its kind in the entire world . The author states that ever since 1976, all campaigns for the post of the president in United States of America will not use money raised by the taxpayer. The two major parties in United States of America; Republican Party as well as Democratic Party have decided to use other means of financing their nominated Presidential aspirants. Republican National Committee’
Monday, August 26, 2019
Governance Regulations and Ethics in the UK Essay
Governance Regulations and Ethics in the UK - Essay Example Governance Regulations and Ethics Task 1: Economic Recession 1.0 Introduction In the book, in chapter one, there is a lot of emphasis on corporate responsibility towards ethical issues in management so as to conform to international set standards where the guidelines and management principles that conform across countries and cultures. In the film, it is clear that most countries especially America made attempts to set into place control mechanisms through various acts so as to ensure honest and moral conduct in business. The book brings into focus the dishonest by the investment companies when they undertook to promote internet stock companies they were quite aware would fail. This was in an attempt to precipitate the crisis by, in fact, defrauding innocent investors. This resulted in derivatives. This is an outright case of dishonest as business terms require such loyalty and obligation in the management of the corporations by people charged with the responsibility whether CEOs or employees. 2.0 Issues in the Movie Covered in the Existing Corporate Codes 2.1 The UK Corporate Governance Code of the year 2010 The UK Cooperate Governance Code of the year 2010 is mainly included with the aim of establishing a well a created board of governors for accompany or corporation through principles and rules, as opposed to rigid rules. The main Aim of the code is to ensure proper directorship of companies through the underlying principles of accountability, transparency, probity, and insight into sustainable success. It is clear that the financial crisis as reported in the movie, â€Å"The Inside Job’ was as a result of management of the business with the aim of success but without consideration of the eventual effect of such practices, which were fraudulent, in nature. This is in the book which defines better and acceptable ethical practices in the corporate world 2.2 Flaws in the Implementation of the Code Although the code in section 4 about governance sets out the moral practices of an organization through sound and upright board behavior, implementation, and adherence are not a guarantee. This is evident in the movie since the CEOs of the investment companies did not actually follow the guidelines, though they existed. The Lehman Brothers, for instance, ignored the moral and ethical guidelines and continued promoting borrowing to firms without the capability to remain in the market with that clearly in their knowledge. The firm had to crumble and come down in 2008. 2.3 Role of corporate Leadership in Disregarding the Code Leadership of the chairman of a board, the support is given to and by the chief executive officer and the openness and frankness to discussions by the directors is the key in this endeavor according to the governance code.
Sunday, August 25, 2019
Designing and Implementing Effective HRD Programs Essay
Designing and Implementing Effective HRD Programs - Essay Example Hence, selection of appropriate methods that fulfill the purpose of training has an incremental effect on employees’ skill set and motivation, and relevance to management’s objectives needs to be selected (Carr, 1999).  In the light of my past experiences, it was observed that where HR department managed to select appropriate training topics for the workforce, training sessions intended to develop soft skills i.e. presentation skills etc, were considered as a leisure activity due to ineffective evaluation processes with intangible outcomes. A thorough analysis of the research method helped in developing an understanding that evaluation processes need to be amalgamated into the lesson plans and overall activity planning. Furthermore, peer evaluations and knowledge of industry’s best practices on the subject matter along with a concrete understanding of intended outcomes helps in developing relevant and effective evaluation processes.  Rockwell Collins faces a major issue of lack of accessibility of training resources to the employees as it has an extensive workforce scattered at different stations. Since the HR department is centralized and does not have a physical presence outside headquarters, it is important to identify how the training can be made available to the employees outside the physical proximity of HR department. First and foremost, support of organizational leadership needs to be acquired in order to extend delivery of training in secondary workstations. Secondly, close observation of employee performance and work schedule needs to be performed. Where HR department is aware of employees schedule outside headquarters, sending company’s trainers at a particular destination and arranging training may do the needful.
Saturday, August 24, 2019
Moral Conflict in Antigone by Sophocles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Moral Conflict in Antigone by Sophocles - Essay Example On the other hand, her civil disobedience has widespread repercussions on the integrity of the ruler and the stability of the state. This paper analyzes and discusses the varied moral conflicts in this play. Several conflicts can be found in Antigone, particularly the conflict between authority and family duties, natural law and positive law, conscience and civic ethics, and duties to man and duties to the gods. The play explores the conflict between authority and family duties. Creon already decrees that Polyneices will not have a proper burial as a traitor to Thebes. He says: Him I decree that none should dare entomb, That none should utter wail or loud lament, But leave his corpse unburied, by the dogs And vultures mangled, foul to look upon. (Sophocles lines 233-236). Antigone, however, is willing to contradict her King and decides to bury Polyneices, because she is bound to her family duties. She asserts this to Ismene, who dissuades her from disobeying Creon: â€Å"At least he is my brother-and yours, too,/....I will not prove false to him†(Sophocles 51-52). Ismene reminds Antigone that she should obey the King's authority: â€Å"We twain shall perish, if, against the law,/We brave our sovereign’s edict and his power†(Sophocles 67-68). ... He tells him: â€Å"Yea, to learn much, and know the time to yield,/Brings no disgrace... (Sophocles 806-807). He asks his father to yield to other people's reason. For him, the law is not absolute if it will hurt personal ties. Creon, however, will not listen to a woman or his own counsel and family. He says: â€Å"Shall we at our age stoop to learn from him†(Sophocles 823). He undermines the youth of his son. For him, Haemon does not have the experience, and consequently, the wisdom, to rule over him. Creon also says: â€Å"...While I live, at least,/A woman shall not rule†(Sophocles 592-593). He will, most especially, not change his law for a woman, which depicts misogyny during his time. Thus, for Creon, his law is supreme over all family ties. Antigone also illustrates the conflict between positive and natural law. Positive law refers to the law of the state, while natural law pertains to the â€Å"unwritten law†(Burns 546). Aristotle argues that Antigon e depicts the conflict between positive and natural law, or between human nature and the â€Å"polis†(Burns 546). Creon emphasizes his will as the will of the state to Haemon: â€Å"The state, I pray,/It is not reckoned his who governs it?†(Sophocles 841-842). Antigone questions the validity of Creon's positive law: â€Å"Who traced these laws for all the sons of men;/Nor did I deem thy edicts strong enough,/Coming from mortal man, to set at naught†(Sophocles 495-497). She argues that the unwritten or natural laws are more important than positive laws. Natural laws have the strength of permanence, while positive laws change with the changing of rulers. Furthermore, natural law refers to what the people feel as right, or something is universal.
Friday, August 23, 2019
Anthrolpology - Illegal Immigration and the Mexican people (research Essay
Anthrolpology - Illegal Immigration and the Mexican people (research paper) - Essay Example Many have, however, attempted to deny access to housing, schools, medical treatment and social programs to non-citizens. Some argue that U.S. laws apply to all within its borders, legally or not such as the Fifth Amendment right to due process of law. The laws certainly apply to all when they are broken. The federal government, to no one’s surprise, has been no help. For example, the Bush administration has long supported some form of amnesty which has enraged those that are opposed to illegal aliens living, working or going to school in the U.S. On the other hand, the administration also endorses the PATRIOT Act which denies constitutionally guaranteed rights to all people and further punishes immigrants in the effort to win the ‘war on terror.’ The ‘right’ answer escapes the government and many others as well because of the issue’s many complexities. This discussion will examine the immigration debate from a legal, economic and social view. It will present the administration’s answer to the problem along with an opposing opinion. It will also speak to laws germane to the debate including a brief review of the PATRIOT Act, the Fifth Amendment regarding due process and the Fourteenth Amendment which relates to automatic citizenship by birth. The fundamental reason for the flood of immigration from Latin America, specifically Mexico, is the disintegration of the Mexican economy predominantly resulting from free-trade strategies employed by the North American Free Trade Agreement and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The rampant corruption within the Mexican government has also contributed significantly to the collapse of the Mexican economy. â€Å"Due to IMF policies regarding Mexico, its economic output dropped 33 percent in the past two decades†(Small, 2005). During this period, its foreign debt rose 359
UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUP PROJECT Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words
UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUP PROJECT - Research Paper Example This prospect regards Christianity as everywhere presents and although we may not realize it, studies have indicated that this prospect is arguably not concise.(Adney, 2009) There are groups and communities that are unreached by Christianity and do not know anything concerning the same. They have adopted their own religion due to lack of knowledge of other alternative formative religion. Unreached people comprise of communities that have little or no access to the gospel. There are various reason that impede the spread of Christianity’ one is because some nations endorse laws that curtail Christian faith. Another impeding factor is geographical and cultural barrier. All men in nature desire to know and it is unfitting that man should be content with knowledge that is unsuited to him, yet after the acquisition of this knowledge in sense things must change in a way that is contrary to the original beliefs. The message of Christianity should in this regard be contextualized in the particular culture in order for it to be meaningful to them. (Crossman & Hoke, 1995) Using conservative estimates, unreached people compromise 70% of the global population. One eminent group in this category is the Chinese accounting for 150 million unreached Chinese in 900 groups. A particular group that has null knowledge about Christianity and is in dire need to hear of the gospel and salvation is the Hui from china. Although there are a meager number of scattered of believers, this group is most likely the largest group globally that has no record of the presence of a Christian fellowship group. Below is a map showing the location of the Hui communities in china. (Boling, 2012) The Hui are an official minority scattered all over china. Their populace is densely concentrated in some provinces such as the Ningxia also known as the â€Å"hometown of the Huis†which habits about 20% of the Hui population, Qinghai, and Gansu. They are about 10
Thursday, August 22, 2019
Child Abuse Essay Example for Free
Child Abuse Essay Child abuse is any emotional, sexual, or physical mistreatment, as well as neglect of a child. Some countries may vary in their definition of the term. In the USA. The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) defines child abuse as child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. A UK guidance Working Together to Safeguard Children 2010 (1. 33-1.36) says that there are four types of child abuse: Emotional abuse Sexual abuse Physical abuse Neglect Although the UK guidance does not specifically mention bullying as a form of abuse, the countrys authorities say that there is compelling evidence that it is abuse, and will invariably include at least one of the four abuse categories defined. Child abuse can happen anywhere, in the childs home, school, community or other organizations, environments or places. What is physical abuse? Physical abuse may include, as defined in the UK and most other European Union countries: Burning Drowning Hitting Poisoning Scalding Shaking Suffocating Throwing When a parent/caregiver fabricates a symptom in a child When a parent/caregiver induces an illness in a child deliberately ..and any other type of physical harm to a child Some countries specifically define the following, as forms of physical abuse (some overlap those listed above) Belting, Biting, Blinding a person or causing impairment of sight, Cutting or otherwise exposing somebody to something sharp, Drowning, Excessive pinching on the body, Exposure to a dangerous animal, Exposure to a toxic substance, Exposure to cold, freezing, Exposure to electric shock, Exposure to heat or radiation, Burning, Head-butting, Infecting with a disease, Kicking, Kneeing, Placing in stress positions (tied or otherwise forced), Poisoning, Punching, Pushing, pulling, Slapping, Sleep deprivation, Stabbing, Strangling, Striking with an object, Striking, Throwing acid in someones face, Throwing or shooting a projectile, Tickling non-consensually, Tripping, Whipping, Withholding food or medication. In a growing number of countries, using corporal punishment as a form of imposing or teaching discipline, is seen as a form of physical child abuse.
Wednesday, August 21, 2019
Advantages of Time Management
Advantages of Time Management What you accomplish during a 24-hour period depends on your own motivation, your energy, your skills and abilities, and other resources. Since there are always demands on your time, it may be helpful to think about what you will do with your time and to consider some strategies for more effective time management. Time management is not a way to make you work harder and longer, but a means to help you work smarter to accomplish your work more easily and rapidly. Benefits of time management: If you can manage your time more effectively, you will be rewarded in a variety of ways: Efficient: You will be more efficient in serving your district and will be able to support your clubs better. Successful: You will achieve greater success in your very important, and highly visible, role as a Lions Leader. Healthy: On a personal level, you will certainly feel healthier, more energetic, and in a generally better mood. -Obstacles to effective time management: There are a lot of things that make it difficult for us to manage our time effectively. Lets consider some of the most common ones, and see if they apply to us: Unclear objectives: Its hard to hit a target with your eyes closed, and its just as hard to accomplish something when you arent exactly clear about what you want to achieve. Disorganization: Its easy to see when your desk is too messy, but sometimes you have to step back and ask yourself if you are taking an organized approach in completing all of your tasks. Inability to say no: We all want to be as helpful as we can when others need us, but this can mean taking time away from other priorities to do something we may not have planned. Interruptions: Many times we are in the middle of accomplishing something really important and the telephone rings. These calls can not only take you away from your task, but sometimes they interrupt your train of thought and you cant return to where you were without retracing your steps. More interruptions: We all like to visit with others, but conversations at inappropriate times can cost us time when we have to stop what we are doing and redirect ourselves from our plans. Periods of inactivity: As much as we think we are busy, there are times in our day when we are not really doing anything. Recognizing and making use of these times can have a positive effect on our efforts. Too many things at once: Many of our tasks are not routines. They require concentration to detail. When we are attempting to do too many different things at one time, each individual task suffers as a result. Stress and fatigue: Everyone experiences stress from time to time, and sometimes we actually operate a little better when there is some level of stress. Too much stress, on the other hand, causes our work to suffer and wears us down physically and mentally. Dealing with stress is an important part of time management. All work and no play: Most successful people know how to balance work and play. When work takes over your life, you not only give your body little time to re-energize, but you may end up sacrificing the really important things in life like family and friends. What can we do? The obstacles that we face are not insurmountable. Sometimes, the hardest thing to do is to identify that these obstacles exist and are affecting your ability to manage your time. When you have identified your obstacles you can begin to overcome them. Strategies you can use to overcome the obstacles we just examined: Set goals The first, and most important strategy you can employ to manage your time is to set clear goals for yourself. As a Lions leader, you will want to accomplish many things in your time of office. The best favor you can do for yourself is to determine what those goals are and make sure your efforts are always directed toward their achievement. Effective goals share a number of characteristics in common. Effective goals are: Specific: When a goal is too vague, you may never know how to reach it or even when you have reached it. Make sure that you know exactly what you hope to achieve Measurable: When you have a goal that is measurable, you will know how far you have to go to reach the goal, and when you get there Achievable: It is commendable to set your sights high, but sometimes we try to accomplish more than we can actually do. Training and certifying ten Certified Guiding Lions in your district in one year may or may not be achievable at this time for a number of reasons. Your goals should be such that, if you extend yourself you can just reach them. Realistic: Can you establish a program in your district to help everyone with vision problems? It is certainly a worthwhile goal, but it may not be realistic at this time. It might be better to work on setting up a program with schools to provide vision testing and eyeglasses for disadvantaged children. Time-based: Most of the goals that you establish in your position as a Lions leader will not be long-term. It is important to set time guidelines for your goals, so that you can keep track of your progress as you are going along and can be alert to when you are falling behind schedule. Prioritize As a leader in your club or district, you will be faced with many tasks. It is safe to say that you will not be able to do everything, so it is wise to periodically make a list of the tasks that confront you and prioritize them. The following technique may be helpful in prioritizing: Do: Determine from the list the things you think are most important to accomplish, and are things you should do yourself. Delegate: Remember that there many Lions within your district with skills, experience, and motivation to carry out a wide variety of tasks. A truly effective district governor understands that real leaders do not try to accomplish everything themselves and recognizes that some things are better handled by others. Delegating not only frees up your time for other things, it ensures that resources are used wisely and that Lions who want to help are motivated and involved. Delay until another time: Some things can wait. The danger is delaying too many things until deadlines are near. The best policy here is to consider when things are due, how long it will take to accomplish them, and what your current workload will allow. For instance, registrations and request forms that are not yet due could be sent to LCI earlier if you have time. It makes sense to delay things that are not due when you are overburdened and to accomplish them ahead of time when you can. Delete: If you have set goals using the guidelines we mentioned earlier, you may recognize that some of them are not achievable or realistic, or that they are just not important. A good leader knows when to concentrate on the important and eliminate the rest. It is important when you have prioritized your tasks that you: Address the urgent: Take care of things with short-term consequences as soon as possible. Accomplish what you can early: Reports, registrations, requests that can be handled early should come next. Dont put off until tomorrow what you can do today. Attach deadlines to things you delay: When you have determined that something can definitely wait, dont just toss it aside until later. Establish a deadline for the task in your schedule, and make a note to remind you to begin working on it. Organize As you prioritize tasks and set deadlines, you will want to organize your plans and actions. Some of you may be more comfortable using paper and pencil, so I urge you to make use of a planner with a calendar and plenty of space to make notes. Many planners contain not only calendar space, but also room for daily activities, contact information, and to do lists. Find a planner that fits your needs and use it. You will find this to be an indispensable tool for managing your time. Maybe you use, or would consider using, a computer to help in organizing your time. Todays computers often come equipped with software programs that include calendars, task lists, reminders, and contact information. If your computer does not have such a function, software is readily available that you can install. Learn when to say NO The strategies we have mentioned so far have all concerned common business practices. Now I would like to address some more personal strategies that you can apply to your life. These also have a great impact on how effectively you manage your time. The first of these strategies is being able to say NO when it is appropriate. Your life in Lions has always been about giving all that you can to serve your community. That doesnt change, but as your duties expand as a Lions leader you will find you are called on to do much more than you have ever been asked to do before. When you learn to say NO you are not closing the door on your responsibilities, but rather you are making sure that you can meet your commitments and accomplish the maximum possible in the time available to you. To be able to say NO you will have to accept these three principles: * I realize that I cant do everything * I wont agree to undertake a task or project that I know I will not be able to complete in the timeframe required * I will not make commitments that are not consistent with the goals and objectives I have set for myself -Use your waiting time Another personal time management skill is to make good use of your waiting time. Have you ever thought about how much time you spend doing nothing during an average day? Usually this is not a situation where you planned to do nothingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it just happened. Think about all of the things you could accomplish if you could make use of this time. For instance: Time you spend commuting on a train or bus Time you wait at the doctor or dentist office for your appointment Time you spend on a plane, waiting for your plane, or the time you spend waiting for your baggage Time you spend on hold on the telephone Time you spend when you arrive at work or at a meeting earlier than you had anticipated There are two ways to look at these periods of time. You can either consider them as wastes of time or as gifts of time. If you choose to think of them as gifts of time, you can use them as opportunities to accomplish routine tasks that are necessary, but dont require large periods of time. Most successful people have already found that there are a number of things that they can accomplish while they wait. The trick to making use of your waiting time is to always make sure you have something with you that you can accomplish in the event that you are kept waiting. For instance: Reading correspondence: Take your mail with you and read it while you are waiting or traveling. Some PDAs have e-mail capability, so you can read your e-mail on a train or plane or at the doctors office. Writing letters or memos: While you wait, you can take out a notepad or use a PDA to write letters or memos. This could also be a good time to update your planner. Reading or listening to tapes: Carry a book or magazine or a tape with you. You can also download books and articles to your PDA. There is often no time in your schedule to keep current on books or articles related to your business or to self-improvement. Instead of being impatient when you are delayed, this could be a perfect time to advance your own knowledge and skills. Concentrate on the task at hand You will be juggling many tasks while you serve as a Lions leader. There is no way around this fact. But one important strategy to keep in mind is to concentrate completely on the current task. Concentration can be difficult when you have a lot on your mind. Your time will be better spent if you are able to: Focus on your goal: You may have many commitments and many concerns, but you will accomplish more when you keep focused on the one task you are performing at the moment Tune out interruptions: You will find your concentration is at its highest level when you can set aside times during the day when you will not answer the phone or schedule visitors. You cant isolate yourself all of the time, but by avoiding interruptions for specific periods of time, you may find you can accomplish tasks successfully in far less time than you anticipated. When you must respond to phone calls, be assertive in minimizing interruptions by asking if you can call back at another time or meet another day. Consider your personal prime time Are you one of those people who gets up before the sun rises and starts working? Is the early evening, after the evening meal, your time to work? Or are you someone who prefers to wait until the quiet of the late night hours to do the really hard tasks? Everyone is different. Most research shows that tasks that take the most mental concentration are most effectively accomplished early in the day, but even these studies acknowledge that this is not always true, and that everyone has a personal prime time. When you plan your tasks, think about your own prime time. If you do your best work early, plan to do the routine tasks later in the day and concentrate on the more challenging tasks when you are at your best. If you dont really get going until later, handle the routines in the morning and save the more difficult tasks for later. Celebrate your success Celebrate the achievement of your goals to maintain a healthy balance in life between work and play. Reward yourself when you complete a task or finish a project. If you worked in a team setting, or delegated some tasks to others, reward the efforts of all involved. Celebration is a vital part of all project management. No matter how tight your schedule looks, this is TIME WELL SPENT! Conclusion Finally, as time management skills develop, your stress and anxiety levels will go down and productivity will go up Time management tools which include day planners, to-do lists, weekly and long-term calendars will increase organization and help eliminate procrastination.
Tuesday, August 20, 2019
National Innovation System Concept
National Innovation System Concept In a globalising world, is there any value in the concept of a â€Å"National Innovation System†? INTRODUCTION The progressive advancements in the different scientific fields and their applications in technology have become one of the most important corner stones for any nation’s wealth and economic growth. For technology and scientific research to be successful in all aspects, including the organisation and the collaboration between the different players in each technological camp, different governments and public and private organizations reached the conclusion that a whole structure of communication and cooperation should be established in order to reach the desired successes in what concerns research, development and the technological objectives that are ultimately the driving force for any economy and societal well-being within a state. One of the most important problems facing the policy making process was the lack of information regarding specific fields and the lack of knowledge in other fields. The need to have a certain kind of a long and constructive relationship between scientists and the technology specialists, on one side, and the policy makers, on the other, became more evident in the twentieth century as technological advancements (in all industrial fields and in sectors related to information technology) grew in extremely high speeds and in extremely high amounts. A stable and continuous flow of information concerning the ongoing changes that were (and still are) taking place in the research and development arena had to be maintained. This gave birth to the concept of National Innovation Systems which, in theory, should be the solution to the above mentioned problem. The idea behind the concept that was evolving is thoroughly explained by Mytelka as she stated that The 1970s and 1980s marked the passage from an era in which technological change was mainly incremental. Time was available to either amortize heavy tangible and intangible investments in new products and processes, or to catch up with a slowly moving technological frontier by mastering processes of production and distribution for what were relatively stable products. Protected national environments were both a blessing and a curse in that earlier period, since they provided time and space for infant industries to emerge but frequently little incentive for them to become competitive whether at home or abroad. At the same time, within the markets of developing countries, high levels of protection created the potential for oligopolistic market behavior by large, mainly foreign firms, which raised prices to local consumers and made exporting difficult. (15) National Innovation Systems The concept of ‘National Innovation System’ appeared as a prospective response to the necessity of having clear policies that shape the work and the interconnectedness between research, organisations, industries and governments in regards to science and technology research and the products that are expected to be received from that research. An innovation system is the result of the processes of research and development in any science and technology related field. In this context, we can understand that the innovation system involves the distribution, or spreading, of the needed information and knowledge bases regarding a given technology between the various entities that require having them. This should cover the governmental organisations, the interested centres of research, the universities, the industries and even the individuals. The need to create innovation systems on national levels became important in the 1970s and the 1980s. This is explained by Nelson and Rosenberg as they state the following: The slowdown of growth since the early 1970s in all of the advanced industrial nations, the rise of Japan as a major economic and technological power, the relative decline of the United States, and widespread concerns in Europe about being behind both have led to a rash of writing and policy concerned with supporting the technical innovative prowess of national firms. At the same time, the enhanced technical sophistication of Korea, Taiwan, and other NICs (Newly Industrialized Countries) has broadened the range of nations whose firms are competitive players in fields that used to be the preserve of a few and has led other nations who today have a weak manufacturing sector to wonder how they might emulate the performance of the successful NICs. There clearly is a new spirit of what might be called technonationalism in the air, combining a strong belief that the technological capabilities of a nations firms are a key source of their competitive prowess, with a belief that these capabil ities are in a sense national, and can be built by national action. (Nelson 3) It is evident that the concept was originally created in order to give more advantageous steps to science and technology related entities in what concerns competitiveness and the ability to survive and grow both inside the borders of the country itself and as a strong product export bridge to other countries. The main objective in this regard is economical; each country is required to establish the most suitable environment for scientific research and technological structures to flourish and, by doing so, to strengthen the economy of the country and the living standards of its people. The National Research Council defines ‘National Innovation System’ by stating that it â€Å"refers to the collection of institutions and policies that affect the creation, development, commercialization, and adoption of new technologies within an economy†(105). Another definition is that â€Å"the National Innovation System is a systemic model that shows dynamic interactions and pattern of processes that facilitate technology flow in the system, incorporating variables and players from all directions that affect the innovation process†(Hulsink 16). It must be noted here that the above mentioned process should contain, within it, all the elements leading to influence the whole technological sector within a country and this is specifically why there should be clear policies and laws regulating the way in which the system should function and how it should present the required results. Factors leading to the creation of a successful national innovation system are presented by Biegelbauer and Borras: â€Å"A national innovation system is a whole set of factors influencing the development and utilisation of new knowledge and know-how†. The authors emphasise the fact that education is an important element in the process of creating and implementing the system in question (84). For a national innovation system to be structured correctly, a thorough and comprehensive analysis should be performed on a national scale; this is because the system should be able to determine which elements are needed for growth and which policies are the most adequate. â€Å"National profiles are too complex and diverse to derive a unified representation of the system, posing the problem of defining and modelling the NIS. One useful way to deal with heterogeneous profiles of NISs is a taxonomic approach where national systems are classified into several categories†such as â€Å"large high-income countries, smaller high-income countries, and lower-income countries†or â€Å"large/rich countries, small/rich countries, and developing countries†(Park, Y. and Park, G. 403-404). According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, there are different policy making problems in what concerns the operational side of the national innovation system. â€Å"In General, the attention of policy makers moved away from an overall priority to fund the RD input to the economy, with additions along the way to the market to enhance technology transfer†and a special care was given in what concerns encouraging the collaboration and the methods of networked work and â€Å"the flows of knowledge into spin-offs and industrial use, institutional change, entrepreneurship, and improved market oriented financial systems†(14-15). The document of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development also explains that policy makers should take important factors into consideration, such as the relations and inter-dependences between a variety of market sectors, such as labour, capital, and product markets because they are the source of innovation and growth. Another important factor is that policies should also cover sectors that are not considered as related to markets, this can include partnerships in research and development activities (16). The policies in what concerns the system in question, for it to be successful on a national level, should take into consideration a variety of elements and keep them under continuous scrutiny. These elements include the amount and the quality of the performed innovation, the continuous growth in manpower (for what concerns the technological production process) and in the population (in what concerns the use of the produce), the level of growth of the economy itself with all what comes with that concerning new challenges in regards to raw materials and the human factor, the ability of firms to move from one sector into the other, according to the changes in scientific and technological advancements, independently. This creates a huge amount of work for policy makers and scientists and technology experts alike in order to keep policies efficient and effective, on one hand, and in continuous evolution and change, on the other, according to the changes on the ground and according to the changes forced by outside factors. National Innovation Systems Globalisation As clear from the concept’s name itself, the most important point to note is that it was created, and originally thought of, around the concept of a limited political and geographic entity; the country. It focuses on the ‘national’ aspect of the economical, scientific and technological sectors. In today’s world, that is certainly different from that of the 1950s and the 1960s, many changes have occurred that transformed our lives because of the tremendous advancements in science and its direct applications in technology; this includes the way we make business, the way we create products and offer new services, the way the manufacturing processes of certain products take place, and the way information and knowledge are being distributed and reached. It is now more obvious than any point in time in the past that a national system in relation to science, technology, research and industry, no matter how policies are accurately prepared and implemented, cannot survive if the international (or the global) element is not taken into consideration and if it is not dealt with adequately. Much less agreement exists†¦ on how precisely globalization and innovation interact, and what this implies for industrial dynamics and a policy-oriented theory of innovation systems An important weakness of innovation system theory is a neglect of the international dimension. There is a tendency to define a NIS as a relatively closed system, even when dealing explicitly with the impact of globalization. A central proposition rests on dynamic agglomeration economies: interactive learning requires co-location, hence a preference for national linkages. (Ernst 1) Ernst illustrates his point of view around the most developed (and the most developing) sector of industry in the world today, which is information technology. He asserts that electronics equipment and components, software and information services, audio and video, and communication technologies (this includes e-commerce and web services) are all beyond the rigid understanding of the traditional national innovation system as was originally conceived by individuals, institutions, and governments. The changes that happened in the last 25 years have brought new problems for the concept of national innovation system. According to Mytelk, this is due to two main factors: â€Å"First, over the past two decades, production has become more knowledge intensive across a broad spectrum of industries from the shrimp and salmon fisheries in the Philippines and Chile, the forestry and flower enterprises in Kenya and Colombia, to the furniture, textile and clothing firms of Denmark, Taiwan and Thailand. Second, competition has both globalized and become more innovation-based†(15-16). It is, on the other hand, important to note that firms benefit from â€Å"sharing knowledge and reduce costs by jointly sourcing services and suppliers†This on-going process of knowledge exchange will always have a positive influence on all the procedures and results of the flow of information and knowledge and will create more opportunities for co-operation in research and developments experiences and projects. â€Å"Local training institutions and a sound infrastructure can provide further benefits for companies. Moreover, rivalry between firms can stimulate competitiveness. To note also that life quality and other non economic factors can be just as important in determining growth†(Carrin et al. 24). It is necessary for the innovation systems to evolve according to the evolution of the various elements that shape research and technology today. For the concept of innovation system to survive with success, new factors should be introduced within its structure in order to enable it to keep its competitiveness and growth, keeping in mind that this should be done in a way that turns the changes that occurred because of globalization into advantages, not disadvantages. Ernst draws our attention to the bright side, stating that â€Å"globalization enhances the dispersion of knowledge across firm boundaries and national borders. Such dispersion however has remained concentrated, due to the continuous impact of agglomeration economies†(30). CONCLUSION The idea behind the concept of national innovation system, just as anything other theory or structure, should evolve†¦ And this is exactly what happened. Scientific research, technological endeavours, and industrial successes do not depend on the organisation of institutions and on the flow of information within the national boundary alone, they interact with realities created and introduced by a newly shaping world with no borders and no geopolitical boundaries. The policies that deal with the flow and exchange of information and knowledge should deal with international effects and beyond-the-borders factors that can, and will, ultimately influence the national realities. Since the time of the concept’s first presentation by Freeman (1987) and Dosi et al (1988), many changes took place in what concerns the analysis and the policies regarding its methods and implementation; this is due to the enormous changes that happened in the various scientific and technological fields. The concept of national innovation system is a precious tool that should not be dropped because of globalisation; instead, it should be reshaped to cover the elements that did not exist previously. It should encourage the collaboration and the continuous flow and distribution of information and knowledge within the country itself, and then within the regional and international space. NIS should be re-developed to cover national, regional, and multi-national corporational level. Works Cited Mytelka, Lynn K. â€Å"Local Systems of Innovation in a Globalized World Economy.†Industry and Innovation, 7.1 (2000): 15-32. Park, Yongtae and Gwangman Park. When does a national innovation system start to exhibit systemic behavior? Industry and Innovation 10.4 (2003): 403 414. Nelson, Richard and Nathan Rosenberg. Technical Innovation and National Systems. National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis. Ed. Richard Nelson. New York, U.S.A.: Oxford University Press, 1993 3. National Research Council. Harnessing Science and Technology for Americas Economic Future. Washington, D.C. U.S.A.: National Academy Press, 1999. Biegelbauer, Peter and Susana Borras. Innovation Policies in Europe and the Us: The New Agenda Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2003. Hulsink, Willem. Regional Clusters in ICT. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Boom Publishers, 2002. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Dynamising National Innovation Systems. France: OECD Publications, 2002. Ernst, Dieter. How globalization reshapes the geography of innovation systems. 24 May 1999. 06 September 2006. http://geein.fclar.unesp.br/reunioes/quinta/arquivos/140306_Ernst_99_globalization_1_.p df>. Carrin, Bart, et al. Science-Technology-Industry Network. September 2004. 07 September 2006. .
Monday, August 19, 2019
Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address
T.S. Eliot once wrote, "What we call the beginning is often the end. And to make an end is to make a beginning. The end is where we start from." Every landmark in our lives will end but there is always a beginning to an end. As each new path ends a new one begins. Graduation marks the end of a path but as it ends a new path begins. Life is an adventure. We started out by walking on a winding path as we entered the destination of kindergarten. As our lives ventured on down the winding path, we met new friends and new life experiences along the way. As the path widens, we see ourselves on a country road. We started elementary school and we constantly gained new knowledge to help us progress in our journey. As we continued along in our journey we entered a paved path in middle school. As ...
Sunday, August 18, 2019
Dostoevsky as Performer Essay -- Russian Literature Christianity Relig
Dostoevsky as Performer Storytelling and reading aloud played a valuable part in young Fyodor's life, influencing his own later successful writing endeavors as well as his performance of literature. His nanny and wet nurse introduced the Dostoevsky children to folklore and lives of the saints through the stories they told. Nanny Alyona Frolovna "told the children stories of ancient Russia, of Saint Sergey of Moscow subduing a bear by the power of his holiness, of heroes and legends and folk tales, Christianity and Russian myth intertwined"; the stories were so vivid and frightening that the children had trouble sleeping (Gunn 10). During the winter their former wet nurses would make a ceremonial visit to the Dostoevsky family, staying two or three days and spending the afternoons telling stories. Such is the power of the spoken word that these women, according to Leonid Grossman, "awakened the boy's interest in the oral poetry of his people and at the same time fostered the development of that beautiful lan guage--freeflowing, emotionally charged, profoundly Russian and memorably expressive--in which, in time, his worldfamous books would be written" (10). Joseph Frank attributes these storytellers' tales of the saints with feeding "Dostoevsky's unshakable conviction that the soul of the Russian peasant was imbued with the Christian ethos of love and selfsacrifice" (1976, 49). The Dostoevsky children were also entertained and educated with oral readings by their parents, especially during the long evenings of the Russian winter. As the family gathered in the parlor, the physician father would read aloud before dinner when he was not occupied with his patients, and the children often went to sleep with the sound of one of th... ...Indianapolis and New York: BobbsMerrill, 1975. Gunn, Judith. Dostoyevsky: Dreamer and Prophet. Oxford: Lion, 1990. Hingley, Ronald. Dostoyevsky; His Life and Work. London: Paul Elek, 1978. Kjetsaa, Geir. Fyodor Dostoyevsky, A Writer's Life. Trans. Siri Hustvedt and David McDuff. New York: Viking, 1987. Levin, Iurii. "Dostoevskii and Shakespeare." Dostoevskii and Britain. Ed. W.J. Leatherbarrow. Oxford and Providence, RI: Berg, 1995. 3981. Magarshack, David. Dostoevsky. New York: Harcourt, Brace, & World, 1963. Miller, Robin Feuer. "Dostoevskii and the Tale of Terror." Dostoevskii and Britain. Ed. W.J. Leatherbarrow. Oxford and Providence, RI: Berg, 1995. 13958. Mochulsky, Konstantin. Dostoevsky; His Life and Work. Trans. Michael A. Minihan. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1967. Seduro, Vladimir. Dostoyevski in Russian Literary Criticism
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