Noise Control Radon UV-Radiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Noise Control Radon UV-Radiation - Essay ExampleThese would intromit hearing impairment, interference with spoken communication, cardiovascular disturbances, disturbances in mental health, impaired task performance, and negative tender behavior and annoyance reactions. As a citizen, I have all the right to protect me and my familys health, however, if the plan has already been approved by the City government, then our interests would have to meet both ends. The guild shall be established if they will comply with the residents demands. First, they should consider the presence of private residents about the area. If a night gild usually produces more than 90 dB, they should lessen it to about 70-80 dB. Second, the physical structure of the club should be enclosed so as to prevent the noise to be heard by the neighborhood. These suggestions, if implemented, would be very helpful for the entire neighborhood because this would protect the citizens from experiencing the effects of nois e pollution. Radon Present in all water and soil resources in the planet, radon gases are present almost everywhere. A typesetters case of radon gas called Radon-222 is a radioactive substance, and also its decayed form, Radon 226 (Banas, 2010).

Thw Right To Elect Trial By Jury in Hong King Essay

Thw Right To chosen Trial By Jury in Hong King - Essay ExampleHong Kong retained the right of instrument panel mental test in its Basic Law (Hong Kong Basic Law, 1997, Article 86). However, a recent decision by the Hong Kong Court of Appeal and the Final Court of Appeal in Chiang Lily v Secretary for Justice (2009 and 2010 respectively) patronise that the right to a instrument panel trial in Hong Kong is not an absolute right. This paper analyzes the decision of Chiang Lily, specifically the determination that a right to jury trial is not an absolute right. It is argued that a right to jury trial is a fundamental right, but it is only necessary to meet the aims of justice if it can efficaciously serve its intended purpose. The intended purpose of a jury trial was to sustain and support the belief of a fair and public trial by ones peers (Lai, 2010). The main question is and then whether or not limitations on the right to a trial by jury subvert the design of a fair and pub lic trial. ... At the time the King sat in judgment of the courts and olibanum the jury system was introduced to safeguard against the risk of complete despotism (Spooner, 2006, p. 14). Therefore, the introduction of trial by jury was at once intended to ensure fairness and transparency of the justice system. It is therefore hardly affect that the jury trial has been described as an ancient right and a birthright (Kingswell v R, 1985, Para. 49). initially pressured by judges to bring a certain verdict, jurors enjoyed full and unrestrained discretion by the sixteenth century. Jurors was merely bound to follow their own conscience and their own understanding of the law irrespective of the judiciarys opinion on the law or fact (Ostrowski, 2001). Thus by the 16th century, the jury system was firmly established as a bastion between corrupt officials, unfair laws and discriminative pressure to interpret the facts of the case a specific way. This is the legacy that informs the current legal system and has by dint of so since its inception. The Merits of Trial by Jury The merits of a jury trial and thus the rationale for preserving the trial by jury is captured in the words of peeress Justice LHereux-Dube of Canadas Supreme Court. Madam Justice LHeureux-Dube stated that The jury, through its collective decision making, is an excellent fact finder receivable to its representative character, it acts as the conscience of the community the jury can act as the final barrier against oppressive laws or their enforcement it provides a means whereby the public increases its knowledge of the criminal justice system and it increases, through the involvement of the public, societal trust in the system as a whole (R v Sherratt, 1991, p. 523).

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 26

Reflection reputation - Essay ExampleConsequently, their action may be misguided. I concur with the conclusion that love is not for amateurs. Love certainly needs persons who can differentiate it and react accordingly. It is easy for young people to throw together infatuation and romantic love. They may end up acting in an irresponsible manner in order to attract whoever they think they are in love with. The information on love is wellhead stipulated, naughtylighting the different types so that people can distinguish the love they feel based on their circumstances. From this differentiation, there is no doubt that communication, being bi-lingual and avoiding the temptation to mind-read promotes healthy relationships. I find it particularly primal for people with related feelings to communicate intimately it so as to avoid desperate or remote ways to testify it. I affirm that sex is mainly the activity taken up by many people who hope to show they love someone romantically.The adolescents stage present major difficulties to parents and educators as there are so many changes that occur in the adolescents. There is prevalent emotional asymmetry among the adolescents. Embarking to educate them about their sexuality, the changes that they are likely to undergo and appropriate actions to take are of sheer importance. It is all important(predicate) that they learn about their bodies and learn to appreciate themselves the way they are. I firmly hold that a high self-esteem among the teenagers is one way to avoid participating in irresponsible sexual activities or hapless social development. Certainly, the education can help them to know that sex is never a way to show love. Adolescent girls need to know this so as to avoid early pregnancies or contacting diseases that may guess their futures.I agree with the deduction that parents are the chief sex educators for their children. They need to provide their children with information about their sexuality. Addi tionally, the fact that early experiences, attitudes,

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

transnationalist Marketing - Essay Example2.0 The features indicating achievement of global brand status Quelch (1999) provides a benchmark for the seven-spot characteristics of a brand that are prevalent when a business has achieved global brand status. This is inclusive of intensiveness in the home mart, having a geographical balance in sales, the ability to address homogenous consumer of necessity worldwide, maintaining consistent brand positioning, reducing the country-of-origin effect, the specific product category focus of the firm and corporate name. This instalment of the report examines the extent to which Lenovo maintains appropriate emphasis on the aforesaid benchmark criteria for advancement to a decriminalize global brand. Lenovo must maintain all identified characteristics in order to be considered a schoolmaster in becoming a genuine global brand. 2.1 Strength in the home grocery store In 2011, China contributed 46 percent of total business revenues with all s upplemental sales stemming from combined international markets and emerging markets (Lenovo 2012). China is considered the largest personal computer market in the world and Lenovo has managed to amplification its market appoint in this highly competitive technology market. Much of this success is due to a contracted 2011 strategic alliance with Compal Electronics that significantly increased Lenovos production capabilities. Through dual investments by Lenovo and Compal, totalling $300 zillion each, a new production facility was built from the ground up in Hefei, China that exploits the talents and resources of twain partners to economise faster output and more frequency of innovative products (Lenovo 2011). The Chinese personal computer market is projected to achieve a growth rate of three to four percent in 2013, which is largely driven by rural consumer demand for desktop computers (China.org.cn 2013). Whilst the rest of the developed world, such as the fall in States, has seen declines in demand on personal computers as consumers defect to more agile mobile deliberation opportunities, Lenovo operates in a market where rural consumers are witnessing more government investment into infrastructure improvements in rural regions that are increasing personal incomes of rural consumers (China.org.cn 2013). The rural consumer sector is a major market segment within a national population volume of over 1.34 billion consumers (News Limited 2013). Lenovo was actually adept in establishing a joint venture with Compal in order to expand the ability to deliver faster production output to the rural regions within China whilst demand for desktop and laptop computers are experiencing growth with a variety of target segments. Lenovo also participated in a government subsidy chopine designed to give rural consumers less-expensive personal computers which assisted Lenovo in achieving a $1.7 billion USD sales increase in the country (Hille 2009). Lenovo recognises app ropriate opportunities to expand its brand presence and hence improve its brand quotation in China. The Chinese government is imposing a variety of new programs to facilitate more economic growth and improve the labour environment within the nation. By engaging appropriate political forces to hold the Lenovo brand to be associated with a nationwide initiative to modernise rural China,

Exam questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exam questions - Essay ExampleEach division in the larger firm is liable for the maximation of its profits and production.The central office overlooks the other divisions with the primary responsibility for formulating the overall strategy for the full business but not directly controlling the operations at the divisional levels. Large firms charter adopted the M-form as opposed to the traditional Unitary structure (U-form) in which the operations of the business are centrally managed with no independence given to any sub-division. While Chandlers multidivisional form advocates for growth with diversification across industries, markets and products, Williamsons M-form does not make any reference to diversification. The multidivisional form explained by Chandler supports the deputation of complete power and authority to the divisions while that of Williamson is for the retention of control by the management at the major(ip) company.The advantage of the M-form over other divisio nal structures is based on its ability to combine the economies of scale and assorted brand benefits of a large collection while maintaining the operational flexibility. It provides the central optimisation level inside a company (Besanko, 2010). Unlike other divisional structures, the M-form solves the dilemma of the differences observable in profit maximisation strategies, business needs, and output across the divisions when organisations grow to be too large. Each group, with its independence and flexibility, can be kept in the centralised profit maximisation expectation. Williamson proposes a perfect coordination between the general fashion of the business and the daily operations of the divisions under the M-form structure. However, there lies a limitation on the wide espousal of the M-form that arises from Williamsons requirements for this divisional structure. The largest

Enlightenment Philosophers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enlightenment Philosophers - Essay compositors caseThe cut Revolution happens to be the characterization of transformation, and numerous influences which caused the Revolution involve the contemporary world. In agreement with Voltaire, the famous vice of the democratic system is surely not dictatorship and brutality, quite the opposite in line with Montesquieu, to implement those powers, where of performing laws. That of implementing the public resolutions, also that of attempting the suits of human beings, this seems to be opposing in abidance towards Rousseau, man happens to be born liberated and in each places he is inside chains. Even though, Montesquieu, Rousseau and Voltaire all contains conflicting views regarding the politics inside France, their viewpoints were all heading for a similar intention, the conclusion of feudalism.Rousseaus authority on his supporters and Montesquieus scheme of division of authority all encouraged the revolutions for the reason that they prot ested towards a government who contravened on the peoples prerogative and independence and prearrange the foundation for contemporary democracy. Rousseau made use of his ideas to manipulate extremists and helped ignite the commencement of the French Revolution. Each of their natural privileges had been removed.

Ontology and Epistemology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ontology and Epistemology - Essay ExampleWe will talk some ontology and its direct, objective approach to analyzeing an entity, and epistemology, with its more intrinsic approach concerning acquaintance, true statement, belief, and confession. Ontology Ontology is the study of kinds of things that exist and its nature of organism (Ontology). It is said that everything that has a name exists. Every noun points to an actual entity. Ontology is the study just about that entity. Whether the concept is concrete much(prenominal) as a microorganism, or abstract such as resilience, the study of that entity as something that exists is the ontological approach. It is mainly a descriptive and categorical way of thinking that examines the nuts and bolts of an existing entity, categorizing and differentiating it from other entities. I am holding a flower. The flower I am holding is a rose. The thorns atomic number 18 pointy and potentiometer shove my skin. These atomic number 18 eith er ontological notions. It is the recognition and classification of an entity that exists and its constituent parts. Epistemology Epistemology on the other hand is the study of knowledge. It questions what a person knows, how he knows what he knows, and how much a person can know about something. Some philosophers believe that knowledge is a True Belief that has Justification. So the three components of knowledge ar that it should be true, the person with the knowledge must believe it is true, and there should be proof or justification that it is true (Sahakian and Sahakian). If epistemology is about knowledge, this is how they look at the situation I receipt it is a flower because all flowers have a stem, a stalk, leaves and a bunch of petals on the tip. This is true because it is consistent with other flowers who in addition have the same characteristics. I KNOW it is in my hand because I can feel it and unwrap it in my hand. This is true under the correspondence theory of tru th and Naive Realism. I KNOW it is a rose because I was taught by my teacher that this is what a rose looks like. This is true under the criteria of authority. I KNOW that the thorns can pierce my skin because pointy objects can pierce my skin. This is true under Consensus gentium. All these things are considered knowledge because I believe that they are as they are, and my beliefs are proven to be true because the justification satisfies the criteria of truth. cheering the criteria of truth is needed to justify a proposition. There are many criteria for truth, some of which are valid, and others are not. These criteria are all valid or invalid to certain extents. Truth The criteria for truth consist of ascendance which states that a proposal is true as long as a qualified individual says it is. This standard is not very reliable since different qualified individuals can have opposing views toward a superstar topic. Coherence is the criterion in which a proposal is true as long as the facts are well explained and are reconciled to support that proposal. This criterion could be the most effective test of truth but is limited by the persons ability to gather all the relevant facts. Consensus gentium is a general truth accepted by all of mankind. An example is the existence of gravity consistency can be either mere or strict. Mere consistency makes a proposition true as long as two correct statements dont contradict. Strict consistency needs a prior true statement to validate the proposed true statement correspondence makes a propositi

Representation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Representation - Term Paper ExampleOne system that has come out to create diabetes awareness through commercials is Ispot TV. This is a company located in sore York and its main mission is offering real time commercial video advertisements on a total of fields such as business, sports and health (Ispot TV). The study seeks to relay how Ispot TV creates diabetes awareness through commercials in addition offering medication guidelines and how to curb the menace.The main objective of Ispot TV is advertising of television commercials in real time to the public. Recently, the company has focused most of its attention on diabetes campaign because concord to research, the disease is causing many deaths annually hence it is important for companies like Ispot TV and opposite organizations to abuse in and boost diabetes awareness campaign. This has been made possible due to the companys vast insure in technology. Through technology, the company has eased the way in which information i s relayed to people, for instance, through television sets and websites (Ispot TV). According to a recent diabetes commercial by Ispot TV, diabetes cannot be detected by physically stark(a) at someone because it is internal (Ispot TV). The commercial, which is both in audio and visual form features Bret Michaels among other people, goes ahead to reveal that diabetes affects everybody irrespective of ones age, gender or race. In the commercial, a tally of diabetes victims talk about diabetes and how they are battling the disease on a daily basis. The victims, including Bret Michaels go on to secern that nations ought to join the American diabetes association in the move to eradicate diabetes. American Diabetes Association is an organization in Alexandria whose main goal is not only eradicating diabetes but also ensuring that diabetes victims receive proper

Ethical Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Ethical Dilemma - Essay Exampleer will analyse such a dilemma in a particular case of Juana, a pregnant lady who refused blood blood transfusion due to religious beliefs and eventually died.In the light of case, if law of ethics provided by American Nurses Association is analysed, one can clearly see that autonomy and extr movement of treatment of a patient is given preference (ANA, 2001). Like if a patient refuses blood transfusion even in a critical scenario, the choice of patient would be respected. However in a few(prenominal) states like in Illinois, the Supreme Court has intervened to take legal measures to give priority to save a human life (Illinois Supreme Court, 1996). The principles applied to the case are of compassion, justice, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and respect. All the principles commonly state to act upon the patients free will to accept treatment which is not in conflict to her/ his beliefs retention in view that patient is not intentional harmed. Principle of veracity also applies which states that healthcare providers should be truthful to the patients and must allow the patients to make an informed decision (Gardiner, 2003).Analysing the case with a personal perspective, it is though obvious that the nurses followed ethical principles and did not compromise the beliefs of the patient however the life of patient and fetus had been compromised. The nursing staff had followed the code of ethics given by American Nursing Association which is in abidance with other ethical principles.If the patient had been treated with the blood transfusion, her life could be saved but her mourning to live out of her religious morality would ever make her repent. People have emotional associations with their beliefs and value that must be respected. But one can disagree with the decision the patient and her family (husband) as beliefs are only perceptions and they are not more valuable than the human life. It could be possible to take read y help of a bishop provide guidance in case of severe

Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Anthropology - Essay ExampleThe present study has chosen the Darug Indigenous Australians for learning on what they say about their culture, tradition, their history, as well as their social situation.The Darug conjunction is known to be the traditional owners of Western Sydney. The culture of the society is prosperous in religious implication. The individuals of the group are associated by relationships based on connections and a secure relationship with the location in which he or she was born. These relationships were associated with their responsibilities towards their lands, communities, plants and zoology lives. The elders of the group had the charge of teaching these responsibilities to the newer individuals. The customs, ceremonies and conduct of the Darug were regulated by the aboriginal laws. The tradition and culture of the society reflected that only the needful for survival was to be taken from the nature. Women were in charge of collecting the fundamental foods, fle ck men did the hunting and wild jobs (The Darug - Traditional Owners of Western Sydney).When the Europeans started settling in the West of Sydney, the Darug were not acknowledge to have any former rights. These citizenry struggled both to protect their lands, the nature as well as their traditions and culture. The Aboriginal people suffered severely with their lands and children being taken away from them in that locationby not providing them with their rights. Today these people are known to regroup again realizing their kinship connections and relationships (The Darug - Traditional Owners of Western Sydney). The Darug were the largest group of Aboriginal people in the Sydney who resided from the coast across the Blue Mountains. These people spoke a common language although there are variants in the dialects that they used. They focused a lot on keeping the available resources abundant that was

A personal interest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A personal interest - Essay ExampleHowever, as one grows up reason reality and morality, one becomes able to better manage such desires. In different words, sustenance is an effort to strike a balance amongst desires and reality. One BBC article named A Brief story of Celebrity points out that thousands of years ago, the way to gain fame or to become a celebrity was through and through title. Another way was to become a warrior and show ones talent in wars by saving the lives of numerous people. Another way was the success in ancient Olympic Games. It was rather common in the ancient Rome to honor the celebrities by allowing life-long free meals, and by creating hymns praising them. Also, the famous ones got their faces imprinted on coins, thus sightly immortal (A Brief History of Celebrity). However, the point here is that I, like most other people in the world, want to become a celebrity, no matter what way it comes. However, the surprising intimacy at this juncture is the fact that I kindle this desire even after gaining the realization that fair a celebrity, either in entertainment or in sports, is a near impossibility for me. This understanding and the desire to know the reason behind this longing take one back to the Structural mold proposed by Freud. According to Freud, all people are born with Id, or the pleasure principle. It is this Id that makes people front for things that make them feel good, and in search of this good, they give no attention to reality. It is this Id that makes children insist for various things without considering the viability of the demands. However, as people grow up, they develop Ego that makes them look into reality. Thus, Ego helps strike a balance between the irrational demands of Id and the realities of the situation. Lastly, there arises Superego, or, the moral principles of life. Once it is developed, it controls the actions of one by dictating what is right and what is wrong. However, the Id goes on looking for slipway to feel good and happy with its ultimate selfishness. Here, I reach the realization that it might be my Id that lies in my mind that makes me nourish such wishes even though my Ego reminds me the realities. One can see Franz Kafka in Letter to My Father pointing out how he failed to understand the benevolent acts of his pay back, and feared him. A look into the work proves that the writer, as he grew up, developed Ego and Superego that made him look into not only his present life, but similarly his past with a new insight. Again, one can see the writer acknowledging the fact that he is put away in the grip of fear, and hence, is unable to explain everything. This shows the still strong impact of Id on his life as an adult. Kafka now admits that his father had always lived for the family, and as a child, Kafka enjoyed a high life with complete liberty to study whatever he wanted. In addition, he had nothing to worry about food. Here, Kafka makes the acknowledgment th at he is guilty of not understanding and acknowledging the good things his father had done for him. In addition, he admits that even without his fathers presence, he would still be a weak, fearful, hesitant, troubled man (Kafka, 6). Here, considering my desire to be a celebrity, I reach back the Freudian conclusion that all humans are suffering from about mental disorders. According to him, it is the strength of debilitation that decides the difference between the sane and the insane. If this concept is

East Asian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

eastern Asian - Essay ExampleQian had the prerogative to choose who, what, why and how things happened in his history.Qian chose to quote his sources as practically as possible. An example is the account of the attempt made by Jing Ke on the life of the first Chinese emperor, which was an eyewitness account by the great-grandfather of his fathers friend, who served as a low-ranked bureaucrat at court of Qin and happened to be attending the diplomatic ceremony for Jing Ke. Qian also created highly probable and consistent events even when there were none available.His bailiwick eventually consisted of 130 chapters about Dynastic houses, the biographies of the Han emperors, dates of events, descriptions of rites and rituals, music, and various different topics of interest. Also included were the histories of the states which existed during pre-Qin China and the biographies of other important personages in history.Before The Records of the Grand Historian, historical texts tended to downplay the role and events from other dynasties and played up their own. This tendency was also present in Sima Qians historiography. Qian portrayed the Han dynasty as having the Mandate of Heaven and gave lesser splendor to the dynasties that preceded it.Among the features that Qian emphasized in his work was the ascendant character of the Han Dynasty. Consequently, he depicted the preceding Qin dynasty, which was Legalist, as diabolic and as such deserved to be replaced by the Han which prescribed to Confucianism. This theme is recurrent in his biographies which frequently contained moral lessons and anecdotes. Qian also took every opportunity to point out that Legalist ideals which were abundant and commonplace in the Qin Dynasty did non benefit anyone unlike Confucian ideals which redounded to benefits for the people. Examples of these biographies which exclusivelyified the ascendant moral plane of the Han were the Chen She, Han Xin and the Empress Lu. This bias of Qians against the Qin dynasty is reasonably evident throughout The Records of the Grand Historian. Qians favorable disposition towards Confucianism is explained by his belief that it is a more stop means by which to keep peace among the peasants. He believes that fair, just and moral rulers will beget fair, just and moral peasants for them to rule. This common nature when achieved among both rulers and peasants would result in peace, according to Qians beliefs. In contrast, he believes that the Legalist appeal is able to preserve peace through the rule of a haughty government. He contends that a tyrannical government places all its constituents, peasants, nobles and ministers alike, under threat of mistreatment and enslavement. Qian also pointed out that there are major differences in how the Qin and Han perform their rites and treat their ancestors. In Confucianism, rituals and ancestors were central in their beliefs. This was exemplified in the biographies of Han Xin and Chen She. Qian pointed out that the latters grave was cared for by thirty families which saw it as an honor to perform such duty. Qian also related how Han Xin buried his gravel on a high broad expanse of earth with room enough around to curing up 10,000 households, similar to the treatment received by an honored ruler. Both personages were practitioners of Confucianism in their lifetime and were correspondingly rewarded with power and influence. In contrast, Qians biography of the

How oprah helped shape and is a positive influence on our cultural Essay

How oprah helped shape and is a positive influence on our cultural identity - Essay interpreterFirst, she changed how the great deal perceive talk shows as a form of diversion. Usually, hatful see talk shows as that sort of Jerry Springer Show were people who have nothing much to do poke drama at one another in scandalous manner, or make fun of other people like the Tonight Show variations. But with the Oprah show, it became an avenue for educated, informative, and positive discussion about almost whatsoever subject matter that makes sense, things that people should know about, or should care to know about. Oprah elevated, in a way, how people perceive talk shows in such a way that Oprah even paved the wayprovided the course of study even for most of the talk shows that we have today. Secondly, it was her idea to give the auditory modality a quality video show that would give value to her audience that would educated her audience and empower them. She even went so remote as to produce other talk shows to provide aspiring hosts the avenue to reach out to plug in to wider audience. And now, she has launched her own network, which is beside her magazine and other media enterprise. Oprah as an Advocate Besides making great money with herself as the brand, she also used her celebrity status to further her causes. ... done livelihood programs and helping young African children through her domesticate in Africa that caters to giving full scholarship to orphan and girls from poor families. And third, as break away of the cultural minority, Oprah is also a political advocate. She openly supported President Barrack Obama in his presidential campaign because she believed that Obama represented changenot just political change in terms of platforms entirely cultural and social change because Obama would come down in history as the first African American President to be elected in office. And that I think is very symbolic because that meant the due date of th e American people in terms of how they perceive people of color. Oprah as a Philanthropist As a philanthropist, Oprah had given so much back to the community, not just to the American people through her lavish giftsi.e. Oprahs favorite things, donations, charity works, have also been a constant part of her life. Her school in Africa like I said has been a tremendous helped for the girls in that nation. In the country, during the hurricane Katrina, it was Oprah who was one of the many another(prenominal) celebrities who used her celebrity status to raise fund and rebuild the affected communities. Other causes she champions includes raising specie and awareness to AIDS campaign, that is besides giving yearly Christmas gifts to deserving people which she surprises by inviting them as her audience to her show. Living Legend Oprah Winfrey is more than a celebrity, she is a cultural icon. She is a living legend an American mover who has helped shaped and changed American culture in so m any ways. Indirectly, she have helped elevate the entertainment industry on how people perceive talk shows and paved the way for a new kinsperson of talk shows that is more mature,

How has HSBC Chosen to Improve its Knowledge of Customers and Case Study

How has HSBC Chosen to Improve its Knowledge of Customers and Therefore its Decision fashioning - Case Study ExampleFrom this paper it is clear that by implementing a DSS the management will be more easy as all the information will be stored at one primordial database. The organization will be quite effective as data will be stored in a proper manner with not much redundant information. Last but not the least implementing a DSS in the organization will give HSBC an edge and will improve future decision making processes. The solution chosen by HSBC was quite optimal i.e. learning from its past experienced of Subprime mortgage crisis the availability and classification of vital data and information in a timely manner was necessary. sack for the implementation of a DSS will prove quite vital as it will help the managers in the future and provide them with information in concise and to the point manner with relation to the strategic goals of the guild hence making the decision makin g process easier and more reliable. Does this Web site provide opportunities for HSBC to converge data about its customers? Describe the customer data collected at the Web site and explain how that data can be used to improve its business performance. Would you redesign the Web site to add interactions with customers? The website can prove as a vital source for collecting data of HSBC customers. Firstly from the principal(prenominal) website we can collect data that which customers prefer internet banking over conventional banking. Next customers of which country get a line the main website in majority. Which specialist service of HSBC attracts most score of visitors. Average amount of time a user spends on the website to get his task done. Which news was found most interesting by the customers.

Study of a leader in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Study of a leader in business - Essay Exampleere a psychological compose that identifies a leader, and if so are on that point unalike psychological attributes that can identify a spacious leaderIf these traits can be someways quantified, are there other qualities which are present in differing degrees that determine a business leader. ... he mood and temper of the people as well as the critical components inherent in the objectives Or are leadership qualities constant, displaying inherent characteristics that in differing degrees can be found in examples of leadership passim history Is it something that a person is born with, inherits, or is learned Is there a psychological profile that identifies a leader, and if so are there different psychological attributes that can identify a great leaderIf these traits can be somehow quantified, are there other qualities which are present in differing degrees that determine a business leader. Is it style, intelligence, insight, a Midas to uch, or elements of luck Could it be that the qualities that determine a favored business leader are attributes one is born with, or is it the ability to respond to the demands of the consistently ever-changing business climate by finding solutions which enable one to work through vicissitudes and come let out on top One common thread which is obvious in all great leaders, be they revered or scorned, is that they viewed the world, events, history, the present as well as the future in ways that were different from their contemporaries, and in such a manner that distinguished them in their era.What great leadership is, how it manifests itself in original one-on-ones is a subject which could entail considerable debate, thus the examination shall limit itself to one particular individual and determine if we can understand what and why this person has exhibited and demonstrated the attributes which cause us to view him in such a manner. This study shall look at Sir Richard Branson as an example of leadership in that he represents a contemporary individual who rose from modest means to become one of the worlds most lucky

Infrastructure system Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Infrastructure remains - Article ExampleThe importance of the development of infrastructure systems in Sweden faeces be understood by means of the principles applied on the state regarding the protection of the interests of population. In this context, in accordance with a report connect with the aims/ characteristics of social strategy in Sweden social policy of Sweden is based on the assumption that each citizens regardless of the billet and the status of property should have equal access to education, health, cultural, etc. characteristic for Sweden is to finance health manage and pensions from taxation, and additional social security (Sweden, Social System, December 4, 2008). At a next level, the projects that have been already veritable scarcely besides those which are pended and which are related with the infrastructure systems of Sweden - see also the studies/ reports presented throughout this regard - prove that the improvement of infrastructure systems in Sweden is one of the priorities of the countrys government. Existing infrastructure (as analyzed in the paper) cannister lead to the assumption that the relevant projects are carefully reviewed and closely monitored by their administrators ensuring the quality of work but also the limitation of time/ cost in accordance with the relevant contractual terms. 2. Infrastructure systems - characteristics and effects on economyInfrastructure systems can refer to a series of sectors, including roads, bridges, communications, energy, railway network and energy. every(prenominal) these sectors are important for the quality of life of population within a particularized country. It is for this reason that all of these sectors are administered primarily by the state - firms operating in the reclusive sector can also intervene in the development of relevant projects however their work will be based on a relevant contractual agreement with the governmental authorities. In other words, these systems cannot be administered by the private sector - if such a case occurs then a relevant agreement has to exist betwixt the state and the firms involved. From a different point of view, it is noticed by Fox (2001) that infrastructure is best envisioned as services that come from a set of public works, not as physical facilities infrastructure can expand rural economies by raising productivity levels, allowing expansion in the use of other resources, and attracting resources (Fox, 2001, 103). It should be noticed that infrastructure systems are quite important for many aspects of human life - including social life, health and personal/ professional development. Indeed, the presence and activation of people within a society requires the existence of specific facilities that will guarantee the

Greek Tragedy Essay Example for Free

Hellenic Tragedy Essay fine art and literature has existed finished by time to represent and express cultural values, i hires and perceptions. It often portrays the forces that push ones particular subtlety onward, ment aloney stimulating and expanding individual mind and thought. In ancient Greek culture, Art and Literature is have in a way that represented all in all of these things to its good deal. This combination is what we know as ancient Greek Theater, an art of drama and song, with the structure of spoken portions interlaced with choral lyrics, all bear on with mans fate. 1 Greek calamity is credited to have developed around 534 B. C when the Greek Thespis created drama in which a main actor conversed with the leader of the chorus (this is where the term thespian originated, it has been used to describe an actor breachce the archeozoic 19th century). 2 Aeschylus, the first of the great 3 sad poets, added a second actor to his plays and had a chorus of around 12. Sophocles, the second of the great poets, added the third actor and increased the chorus to 15 members.Sophocles is considered to mannequin Greek cataclysm, with Aeschylus marking the preparation and Eudripidies the decline. 3 These plays where preformed at Festivals in open-air theaters in which poets competed for prizes. It is widely accept that these festivals where religious, and honored the Greek god Dionysius (God of Wine). All plays where developed around well-known ancient Greek myth, it was the Poets commerce to develop character and deepen plot. Each festival included 3 sad poets to present a tetrology.(A group of 4 plays) which consisted of 3 tragedies and one satyr. 4 Each play would include everywhere from deuce to four actors, and an assembly of 12-15 choral members. It was each actors function to display the plot through speech, however they where besides responsible for singing solos. The chorus was an important tool in Greek tragedy as they commented on each scene and proposed subtleties to the consultation, their song overly heightened the emotion and atmosphere of the play. 5 Aristotles Poetics is considered the most valuable parentage of guidance for Greek tragedy.Aristotle defines tragedy as a drama which concerned better than average people ( hoagies, kings, gods) who suffer a transition from good fortune to bad fortune and who speak in an tall language. 6 It is also defined as a literary composition written to be preformed by actors in which a central character, called the tragic protagonist or hoagy, suffers some serious misfortune which is pregnant in that the misfortune is logically connected with the heros actions. 7 The hero is often host to some tragic smirch (hermatia) for which he himself is responsible, and which leads to his eventual downfall.However, Aristotle describes this tragic flaw to lead to a mistake in which the suspensor is non aware. The heros destruction is often due to his self-ignorance. It is important to understand what Aristotle believes is the purpose for Greek tragedy in order to completely understand some of its main aspects. In Aristotles opinion, one of the marks of great tragedy is its ability to create a Cartharsis, the act of purging the soul of fear and pity. 8 Through creating a complex protagonist, a character who is ciphern as a great man, or hero, the earreach in diverge creates respect.Through this characters tragic flaw, and ignorance to his actions, the audience is drawn and starts to pitty the hero. The audience imagines themselves in the heros situation, and although they know the outcome of the story (as all Greek tragedy is bases on well-known Greek myth) they suspensefuly await the heros reaction to his fate. So this purging releases the audience to shed excess fear, refreshing their conscience so that it can exist in a rosy balance. Aristotle theorized that tragedy is rooted in the fundamental order of the universe.9 Tragedy is a worse p ersona scenario, which describes the possible effects of simple probability. It creates a cause-and-effect chain in which any individual can depict themselves as part of. We can now understand the importance of certain aspects of the tragic heros character and his responsibility to uphold the plot. A hero, in the Greek sense, is a man who by his extraordinary career has pushed jeopardize the horizons of what is possible for humanity and is then deemed worthy of commendation after his death. 10 As we know, this hero is not flawless.However, it is important to realise that in what Aristotle values as good tragedy, these flaws often contri scarcee to the very virtues which allow our protagonist to become a hero in the first place. In other words, tragic ridicule is implicated, and it is the same incidents and qualities of a man which catapult him to hero stature as those which drag him down. Tragedy is concerned with the fate of big men. 11 Aristotle believed that Sophocles, Oedipus Rex was the perfect tragedy. Why was Oedipus Rex in effect the perfect tragic hero? Oedipus was a great man and King of Thebes.He was self righteous, hasty and suspicious of his friends, but we also moderate that if it where not for these qualities Oedipus would not have continued with his inquiries. His heroic nature is magnified in his attention for the truth despite the fact that it became quite obvious that gaining further knowledge would end in disaster and self-destruction. 12 Peripeteia is when a character produces an effect opposite to that which he intended to produce. 13Aristotle firmly believed that all good tragedy proposed some peripeteia within its plot. This is perfectly represented within Oedipus Rex. Oedipus promises his people that he will find the root of the plague that gripped his kingdom. In ancient Greek times, it was believed that illness and plague where signs from the gods that they where discomfit or a crime once morest their godly standards had been committed. So as any noble hero would do, Oedipus sets out on a quest for this knowledge. He soon discovers that the murder of Thebes prior king, Laius, is the root off his citys pollution. He vows to discover the murderer, and sets the punishment of death or banishment to w situationver was found guilty. This was his intention.We can also see again that Oedipus is a noble hero, as he is a king and he is willing to go to any ends for his people. These traits would have invoked feelings of respect in the minds of the audience. As Oedipus discovers more information, he draws nearer to the conclusion that it is possible that through self-blindness and ignorance, Oedipus himself is the likely murderer of Laius. Through this step in the play we see that again Oedipus carries the qualities of a tragic hero his murdering of Laius was due to his self-arrogance and lack of knowledge that the man who he was killing was of high status.This murder was so due to Oedipuss tragic flaw of Hubris ( arrogant disregard for the rights of others, or overbearing pride or presumption 14) but he was unaware of the consequences and the murder was quite spontaneous. Oedipus continues to search for the truth despite his possible self-guilt, as he states that he must be sure that he is indeed Leuiss murderer. This, according to human standards, Oedipus not further behaved well in this situation, but he is known to have asserted the haughtiness of manhood. Alas, more investigation does lead to his definite guilt, and also leads to what is known as an Agagnorisis, or a change from ignorance to knowledge. 15 Oedipus had not been born heir to the throne of Thebes. After learning of a prophecy that he would one-day murder his get under ones skin and marry his mother, he ran away from his parents to range this fate. He had arrived in Thebes just after the time of Laiuss death. A sphinx was afflicting the city at the time, and he defeated it, there-for winning the admiration of the Thebans and stealing the heart of newly widowed queen, Jocasta.Their marriage was nearly instant, and they lived in happiness for some years and produced a number of children. So it was at this agagnorisis when Oedipus learnt that he had been adopted, and that Laius had been his father, and Jocasta his mother. They had discarded him apon a hill after hearing the very same prophocy, hoping they too could escape their fate. This unraveling of the plot is called the lusis. 16 This is where the Peripeteia is for filled. Although Oedipus had always intended to catch and punish the murderer of Leius, he in no way intended that it would be himself who was responsible.This is also ironic in the sense that twice he had unknowingly set the path for his own destruction. Another form of Greek tragedy is the decision that the tragic hero must face once he has reached his agagnorisis. 17 Oedipus had a choice, to continue to live in sin with his mother/wife and perpetuate the slow destruction of Thebes, or to uphold the little dignity he had left, finally accept his fate and finalize the promises he made to his people. Oedipus chooses to do what any hero would do, accept responsibility for his actions and punish himself as he promised to do in the beginning of the play.The knowledge of his sin against his father and mother causes him to blind himself, as he could not bear to look upon the world any longer. This fact again adds irony to the story, as when Oedipus was able to see physically, he was still blind to his early(prenominal) and the consequences of his actions. Through his blinding, he was self-knowing, and he had for the first time accepted his fate. He left Thebes as a blind beggar. Although in some respects Oedipus is now seen as no longer a hero, the audience would have respected his final decisions, and in some way he had corrected his moral flaw through his self-punishment.We can now question the belief of fate and pre-determination. Greek tragedy did indeed deal wi th the role of the gods in mortal life and to the extend that mortals controlled their actions. Oedipus was responsible for his deeds, as it was by no throw that Laius died, and Oedipus did have a tragic flaw, which led to this murder. But we can also examine the fact that a prophecy existed which laid out the steps that Oedipus would take through out his life. If it where not for Oedipuss knowledge of this prophecy, would he have ever left his home in Corinth, would he have ever murdered Laius, and wed his mother?Or we can look even further into Oedipuss past if Jocasta and Leius had not known of this prophecy, they would neer had abandoned Oedipus, and perhaps he would never had committed the sins which it seems he was destined to commit. So again we see a cause and effect chain, knowledge leading to ignorance, ignorance in turn leading to knowledge, blindness to mess, sight to blindness. It is also argued that it was the individuals attempt to escape their fate which was the true crime against the gods.It is at this point we can see how the Cultural Revolution, known as The Greek Enlightenment, effected these dramas. It was from this new atmosphere of questioning and individualism in which man started to question the meaning of life beyond the restraints of God rules man. And not only did Greek tragedy come to question the gods, it also questioned what it meant to be human.18 1 The effected Plays of Sophocles. 2 http//www. stemnet. nf. ca/hblake/tragedy1. hypertext markup language 3 http//www. classics. cam. ac. uk/Faculty/tragedy. html 4 www.depthame. brooklyn. cuny. edu 5 15 Greek Plays 6 The Complete Plays of Sophocles 7 www. depthame. brooklyn. cuny. edu 8 9 www. cnr. edu/home/bmcmanus/poetics. html 10 The Complete Plays of Sophocles. 11 The Complete Plays of Sophocles 12 The Complete Plays of Sophocles 13 www. depthame. brooklyn. cuny. edu 12 American Heritage dictionary 15 www. cnr. edu/home/bmcmanus/poetics. html 16 www. cnr. edu/home/bmcmanus/ poetics. html 17 http//www. stemnet. nf. ca/hblake/tragedy1. html 18 http//www. stemnet. nf. ca/hblake/tragedy1. html.

Quality requirements on Barley for beer production Essay Example for Free

Quality requirements on Barley for beer ware EssayFrom the anterior chapter it should be obvious that quality of the product i. e. Beer has to depend on the quality of the prime raw tangible i. e. Barley besides the new(prenominal) processing factors. The quality guidelines for barley for beer production are issued by relate agencies and many times the brewageer itself. These specifications are not universal and vary from one country to other primarily due to changes in processing / create from raw stuff practices and to some extent due to prevailing legislation. Here we exit look at the specifications prevalent in Europe and in USA.Accepted malting barley varieties have to metamorphose evenly and produce finished malt whose properties lie within the brewers specifications. The malt quality of a presumptuousness barley variety is determined by its genetic background and the physical conditions during growth, harvest and storage. malted milking quality has to be tested in micro-, pilot- and industrial malting trials, and brewing trials also in pilot and production scale. The quality specifications on barley for production of malt prevalent in Europe are listed below Germination % min. 97% after 3 days Germination index min. 6. 0 Water content 12. 0 %, max. 13. 0 % Protein content 9,0 % and 11,5 % Grading min. 90 % 2. 5 mm. ? -glucan content max. 4 % Micro-organisms below a set level. Pesticide residues tally to national law Ochratoxin according to national law Aflatoxin according to national law Variety pureness min. 99 % Before a new barley variety can be accepted for the production of mal, it needs to be generally accepted by farmers for cultivation.The harvested crop must meet the barley specifications, go out a malt quality within the actual specifications, and be trouble free in the brew house and fermentation-processes and give a beer quality with good taste and taste stability. Varieties are tested in micro-, pilot- and pr oduction scale malting and go through production brewing trials. The preliminary acceptance is dependent on all the test results. Full acceptance is reached when 1000 ton malt has been used in brewing with a high quality commercial brewing performance.Some barley varieties, which are the basis for malt used in Carlsberg products, are Aspen, Alexis, Alfa, Alliot, Amulet, Angora, Ariel, Arapiles, Akcent etc. In USA, the specifications on the barley for malting are issued by American malted milking Barley Association (AMBA). The specifications are presented in the table below Barley Factors Two-Row Barley Six-Row Baley Plump affectionateness (on 6/64) 90% 80% Thin Kernel (below 5/64) 3% 3% Germination (4 ml 72 hrs GE) 98% 98% Protein 11. 0-13. 0% 11. 5-13.5% Skinned Broken Kernels 5% 5% Malt Factors gibe Protein 10. 8-12. 8% 11. 3-13. 3% On 7/64 screen 70% 60% Measures of Malt Modification Beta-Glucan (ppm) 100 120 F/C Difference 1. 2 1. 2 Soluble/Total Protein 40-47% 42-47% Turbid ity (NTU) 10 10 Viscosity (absolute cp) 1. 5% 1. 5% Congress Wort Soluble Protein 4. 4-5. 6% 5. 2-5. 7% Extract (FG db) 81% 79. 0% Color (% ASBC) 1. 6-2. 2 1. 8-22 FAN 180 190 Malt Enzymes Diastatic cater (% ASBC) 120 140 Alpha Amylase (DU) 45 45.Table 4 Specifications for malt barley as issued by The American Malting Barley Association (AMBA) (ambainc. org) Besides, following general specifications should also be met by the barley (a) It should ripe rapidly, break dormancy quickly without presprouting and germinate uniformly. (b) Hull should be thin, shiny and should adhere well with the become during harvesting, cleaning and malting. (c) It should exhibit well balanced malting in conventional malting schedule with four day germination and (d) Malted barley must provide desired beer flavor.

Example Creative Project Analysis as Film Studies Essay Example for Free

Example Creative Project Analysis as Film Studies sampleIn my storyboard I started with public diegetic sound to create the normal, realistic atmosphere of sounds such as supply creaking and the wind blowing. This is so the audience is aware of the surroundings, considering no establishing shot was utilize prior to this to enter the setting also generates a dark and mysterious atmosphere to begin with, leaving it to the audiences imagination to guess what is going to happen as no hints to the genre curb even been do yet. Then we have non-diegetic sound as music influenced by the beat from Jaws starts to play.This makes the audience feel loathsome and unusual as they realise something bad may happen because of the sinister music. I was conscious of the profound use of music to create atmosphere within the horror genre and in that respectfore wanted the soundtrack to accentuate the tension on screen. The music gets louder and louder as the aggressor gets closer to the victim to emphasise the fact that thither is danger ahead and something bad is clearly about to happen. The music stops just before the execute as the girl screams as it is inevitable now that the girl is going to die, it builds up tension to a greater extent and pulls you into a false sense of security.At the end the only sound we hear is the diegetic sound of the attacker laughing, this is so all the focus is on her and shows she has no guilt over what she has done, leaving the audience enquire about the character so it keeps it interesting and intriguing for them to watch. Costume is used in this storyboard to show normalcy. The attacker is dressed like a normal teenage girl so the audience bottomland someways relate to her as well as the other character and to suggest she is just another regular(prenominal) modern girl, which is why it is a shock to the audience when she kills the other girl and impacts so greatly.The killer in this film is also a female because they are usu ally seen to be damsels in distress that destiny saving so youd never expect her to kill someone, which is another way I have attempted to make the film be original and shock the audience. Women serial killers may not be as strong as a male would be but they have a bigger impact on the victims and on the audience watching, the influence for this idea comes from films such as Friday The 13th, Audition and Phenomena. The prop in this storyboard are also significant, especially the use of the knife in the picture when the attacker is at the door.The use of the knife is taken from the 1996 slasher/horror film scream which greatly influenced the film and how the killing took place, this is to suspensor when marketing to a specific target audience and so the audience can have something to examine the film too without it existence too over-predictable. In picture 10, the girl is being killed and has a shifting bear in her hand this is to imply she is young, innocent and vulnerable an d also shows that she is just a normal child in the comfort of her own home and was not expecting anything like that to happen, which is an issueive contrast to when she is being stabbed.The lighting used was very dim and minimal throughout as it was shot at dark so the killer could hide in the shadows effectively to make her seem mysterious at maiden and to make the audience wonder about her. This is to play on the audiences natural alarm of the dark and shadows, which is a usual characteristic of the genre and is seen in many other horror films.The main television camera shots used where over the shoulder shots and point of view shots from the killer itself, this is so the audience can actually identify with the killer and the audience will drive pleasure from the actions of the killer because if the audience is there to see a horror film they expect there to be deaths and blood as it is natural of the genre itself to play on natural human fears. During the attack there is rapid use of camera movement such as a zoom used to intensify the stabbing action and to regorge it in clear perspective for the audience.The extreme close up at the end is also used to emphasise on the psychotic glare of the killer as she laughs and is meant to unnerve the audience. In my creative duration I wanted to use micro features in keeping with the horror genre in assign to create audience response. My choice of sound, mise en scene and cinematography was done so to maximise the effect of my chosen scene and to effectively make a different type of horror film with an plus of originality and an addition of normal generic conventions, overall I think it was successful.

Ethics Social Justice Essay Example for Free

Ethics Social Justice EssayThe honourable issues that were identified in the case study of Guerrilla Government in EPAs Seattle Regional mapping were cumbersome. The first of many to create unethical situations was the administrator of EPAs Seattle regional office in 1981, buns Spencer. His staff remembers his tenure for all the unethical actions he took such as using tax payers money to buy a membership for the EPA in the Chamber of Commerce (OLeary, 2014 p. 48). His actions continued fifty-fifty after numerous attempts to advise him that his actions were against federal guidelines and caused serious conflict of interest questions. He in any case allegedly took several personal trips to Alaska to handle affairs related to his previous job on public expense. In addition, he requested as personal driver to take him to and from and requested modifications to the EPA office building without getting prior approval from the General Services Administration thus violating federal law (OLeary, 2014 p. 48-54).There was also unethical conduct displayed by Ernesta Barnes successor, Robie Russell. In March of 1987, Russell made his unethical behavior known when the topical anesthetic media announced that a veteran engineer had quit his job due to being angry that he was being transferred involuntarily to another job. At that point, Russell began making decisions that had once been a group effort rotter closed doors. Workers who were once performing analysis, were cut out of the decision making process. He was even believed to guide removed important comments in reports before they were released to the public. He was also known to back out of his live for the development of oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and then recall that support subsequently in a testimony to the U.S House of Representatives who were considering the proposal. He stated that The EPA does not oppose the environmentally unexceptionable development of the Arctic National Wildlif e Refuge.

Stereotypes of Culture Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes of Culture Es rankThis essay aims to look benefits and disadvantages for managers to use advanced stereotypes. Stereotypes provide international managers an advantage of first guess about pagan behaviors in countries and organizations so that they can develop appropriate strategies to cope with cross-cultural problems. However, it causes three drawbacks. If stereotyping is judging a sort of people on the basis of theoretical concepts, it will be called sophisticated stereotyping (Osland and Bird, 2000).The greatest benefit is sophisticated stereotype offers basic cultural knowledge, and is useful for managers to guess about cultural behavior in a country. Therefore, it is used as assistant tool in building unitary organizational cultures. The tourist house relied on Hosftedes framework. Because lacquerese be collectivistic while Danish are individualistic, the Danish conductor had to consider whether provide guidance to Danish staffs or strict control to Japane se staffs, instead victimization individual competencies for all employees.Another example, the audio-visual firm took a chance of gender differentiation between Denmark and Japan to recruit suitable talents for their Tokyo office because it knows Japanese prefer masculine values. Hence it can say that sophisticated stereotypes can be a helpful weapon in implementing cultural management strategies. In contrast, sophisticated stereotypes cannot capture paradox which is the first disadvantage. In particular, if there are no exact cultures as described, people who depend on generalization studies cultural barriers will get confused.However, people who are acquired with cultural differences via their knowledge and experiences will be able to foresee what is most important and the best thing to do in foreign countries. Second, theoretical studies in national cultures are not sufficient to intercultural business context because international business embraced various cultures across bord ers. However, such scholars as Hofstede, Hampden-Turner and Trompenaars, Hall have studied in a single-national culture. Furthermore, sophisticated stereotypes do not describe potential cultural changes in intercultural encounters.These scholars had conducted researches for at least 19 years ago. Corporate cultures might change over time as a issuing of changes in perception and modern societies. In this case, national generalizations are useless to fit to intercultural encounters. Thus, managers merely realize insight into multi-cultural management by their experience and new approaches. In conclusion, because of above risks, sophisticated stereotypes merely are useful at the starting point for managers to guess cultural behaviors. Moving beyond sophisticated stereotypes, they fill to make incremental changes by using their own knowledge to manage cultural issues.

Ronald Reagan and Free

Ronald Reagan and Free Market Economy EssayThe real role of government in sexual intercourse to the thrift is much like the role of the captain of a spanboat If he has rigged the sails correctly, the send will steer itself.Reagan used supply-side economic policies to change the panache the linked States looked at the economy. His policies, regardless of standpoint, were a huge change from the prior decades. Reagan promised real change and actually delivered on it.The economic policies of Ronald Reagans administration polished the administrations four major policy objectives reduce the growth of government expending reduce the marginal levy rates on income from both labor and capital reduce regulation and reduce ostentatiousness. The United States federal Government needs to adopt these policies again to run the country discover of depression and back on track.Princetons lexical database defines supply-side economics as the school of economic theory that stresses th e costs of production as a means of stimulating the economy advocates policies that raise capital and labor output by increase the incentive to produce (Princeton). Policies like these were implemented under Ronald Reagan. Critics often called the policies Reaganomics, however, halters have adopted the term as a positive reference. At this point, the terms are used interchangeably (Uchitelle).Economics stems back to the dawn of centralise currency in the seventh century BC. During the past few hundred years, economics has become an great part of civilization especially since the emergence of the free market economy. The implementation and maintenance of these economies whitethorn be more difficult, but the freedom they provide is priceless. The debate of Reaganomics has been present since Reagan began his election campaign. Mevery criticized his policies and still do today.The debate of supply-side economics is based on whether Reagans policies accomplishmented. Statistics sho w his progress was concrete and undeniable, but still more volume remain doubtful, and many separates claim that big government should micromanage the economy, at the cost of freedom. The basis of the Ameri toilette economy and ways of thinking, financially, follow the principals of laissez-faire, a term which translates to let it happen. This theory states that government has three roles and entirely three roles that a government should protect the spates right to own property maintain a changeless currency and provide for the public defence force (McFall). That means that government need non be precise large. Although some do not agree with these principles, they are the ones the country was founded on.Some believe that the government should throw in with the economy and provide for e very individual through programs such as public health care. Those plenty believe that the wealthy should pay more apprai let outs and the less wealthy should pay less in other words, th e wealthy should be giving away their gold to those who do not have as much. They overly believe in generally gamy taskes to pay for the programs they support, which benefit only abase income families. This side is considered the grownup view on the economy and government. Others believe that supply and demand, the free market economy as a whole, will manage itself. The more government interferes, the worse off everyone is. They believe in low taxes and a small government which serves only those three roles of government described under laissez-faire. This is considered the conservative view. Reagan himself held this view.Reagans biggest problem, which hurts how supply-side economics is perceived to this day, was his inability to produce a balanced cipher within his presidency, to put it frankly, Reagan spent in any case much coin. For any government to work, its overhauling must balance out with its income. This is also true for people and stage businesses. If a governme nt spends more than it canvass in, it tholepins into debt. If that problem is not corrected, the deficits begin to add up, increasing the debt. During his campaign, Reagan promised he would cut taxes, get control of government spending, and get government out of the way of American businesses (Second Revolution). Unfortunately, he was only able to deliver on part of his promise. chair Reagan did not get government spending under control like the American people wanted. He spent massive amounts of gold on defense and created a deficit, the likes of which had not been seen since the Second World War. USA Today published an article in 2004 stating, federal spending as a share of the economy was at about the same direct in 1988 as in 1981 (Kirchhoff 2), which shows that although Reagan did not increase spending, he did not decrease it either. Jason Furman, coach of the Hamilton have at Brookings Institution elaborated, If you are cutting taxes without offsetting the cuts through reductions in spending, then all you are doing is increasing debt and postponing the taxes (Uchitelle), which makes perfect sense. If the income of the government is cut, then so must be its expenditure. If Reagan had been able to cut his spending say towards the military, then his budget deficit would have been cut dramatically.A plan with a defense budget as ridiculous as his would not be even slightly justifiable today however, the sentence were different then. It is observed that Reagan ended the C hoar War. Without his spending on projects such as the Strategic defensive structure Initiative, the Cold War could very well be going on today, or worse, it could have asleep(p) the way of nuclear warfare. Reagans spending, although it was over the fall out, can be justified. Without it, America, and the rest of the world, might not be standing today.Faced with the Cold War and armed with a love for his country, he was compelled to increase defense spending. Unlike President Ji mmy Carter, Reagan was willing to make tough decisions and start progressing towards real peace. At the term Reagan was President, the country was still locked in a Cold War with the Soviet Union. His military spending was very much influenced by this war and the nuclear arms race surrounding it. He took a new, outside-of-the-box advance to the race. Instead of a bigger and better missile, he opted for a missile defense system that would hire down incoming nuclear threats (Reagan). His actions and others ended the Cold War and the threat of worldwide nuclear annihilation.President Reagans administration off over record deficits to Presidents Bush and Clinton. Reagans Vice President, George H. W. Bush, shared Reagans views on how to treat an economy and a government however, President Clinton disagreed and begun reverting the policies of the administration past, under the presumption that the supply-side policies were not working. The truth is they were working, but the excessivel y poor state of the economy slowed progress and real benefits of Reagans supply-side policies were not seen until well later their implementation. Then, during his presidency, Clinton sour up a budget surplus (Weisenthal). This surplus is thought to be his biggest accomplishment and proof that Reagans take on the economy was not working.This surplus was a curse, not a ray of hope. It ruined any chance the American economy had for returning to a stable state. Clintons administration sucked more money out of the economy than the economy could bear (Weisenthal) and it exacerbated the way of life for every American living in the United States today. Interest rates on personal savings plummeted, household debt soared, and the U.S. trade deficit worsened intensely over the eight years Clinton wreaked havoc in the White House (Weisenthal). Stephanie Kelton, an Economics professor at the University of Missouri claims, we are still suffering the harmful effects of the Clinton budget surplu ses, and the data shows that she is correct.Taxes are an exceedingly controversial issue when it comes to supply-side economics. The premise that lowering taxes increases tax revenue is not the easiest to grasp, especially when the revenue never really comes around. Although the economy was growing vigorously, many claim, the promised boon in tax revenue never materialized (Uchitelle). The go forth wing media and politicians would like to believe that what followed Clintons actions was, in the words of Gene Sperling, an advisor to both Hillary and Bill, the longest convalescence in history (Uchitelle). However, in the years following President Clintons tenure with stagflation at an all- while high and the worst depression since the Great Depression in full swing, it is now apparent that it was not that at all, but instead only economic turmoil in the works.The lack of tax revenue can be explained by the delay caused by the abhorrent state of the economy preceding Reagans presiden cy. By the time the tax boon was going to come around, the Clinton administration scared the American public back into the old mentality of defensive saving and economic stagflation, especially with the wealthy. However dreary the tax revenue may have seemed, it was still a 5.6% increase over the course of Reagans presidency, according to the White House office of Management and Budget (Uchitelle).Aside from transfers, such as Social Security payout and dividends from investments, from which most citizens are not receiving income from,wages are the only way for consumers to earn money (Evans). This makes it a very delicate item to diddle with, especially when the government is taking more money out of the pockets of its citizens. President Reagan completely changed the way people think about taxes. Clint Stretch, the national director of tax policy for Deloitte Touche, said, That sense that taxes are tax payers money, quite an than a contribution the common good is somehow entitl ed to, and it couldnt be better said.Tax money is money directly taken from the only income most citizens havetheir wages. When people make less money, they spend less money, and the economy tumbles into depression, such as the one currently looming over the United States. Reagan cut taxes dramatically. The top rate in 1980 was 70%, and the rate for a family making $30,000 sawhorses in income was 37% (Kirchhoff 2). After tax cuts were implemented, the top rate plummeted to just 28% (Kirchhoff 2), leaving consumers more money and leaving businesses and employers more money to hire workers andbegin to move America forward.The logic behind these tax cuts is that workers would have more incentive to get to work, taking home more money for their time and effort, and that it would prompt people to start taking that particular(a) shift or to go and get educated to make even more money. According to Kevin Hassett, director for economic policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute, What really happens is that the economy grows more vigorously when you lower tax rates, (Uchitelle) and that growth triggers more cash to flow through Americas economy and increases tax revenue.The best support for supply-side economics is in the numbers it generates. During the Reagan presidency, 20 million jobs were created (Second). This meant more Americans making money the old-fashioned wayby working hard. Reagan also killed rising inflation. He allowed the central bank to make the tough calls and commemorate a tight money policy that stabilized the dollar (Kirchhoff 1). If a currency is strong and stable, the economies relying on it will follow the same trend because people feel safe about investing their wealth in it. When the dollar is strong, the economy is strong, but better yet, America is strong. Tight money policies kept the dollar strongby limiting currency printing and raising short-term interest rates to cut inflation from 13.5% in 1980 to 4.1% in 1988. This was key to improving the economy as a whole.Reagan saved America from government control, and turned it around towards the free markets (Kirchhoff 1). The Reagan Foundation describes the situation such that, businesses and entrepreneurs were no longer hassled by their government, or paralytical by burdensome and unnecessary regulations every time they wanted to expand (Second). As an added benefit, by the time Reaganwas out of office, prime interest rates were back down to 10% in 1988, from 21.5% in 1981 (Second), which allowed business and entrepreneurs to expand their businesses, therefore growing America.Two huge indicators for the immediate state of the economy, the Gross National Product(the inwardness apprise of goods produced and services provided by a country during one year), and the Dow Jones Industrial Average (the total value of 30 of Americas most successful companies and the most widely cited indicator for the state of the stock market) (Princeton), both experienced incred ible growth. GNP grew 26% during the 1980s (Second), and the Dow grew by 11.4% annually (Krantz). Stocks continued to go up after Reagan left office, something which cannot be said for Carter before him, or Clinton after (Krantz).The people saw huge benefits from these policies by the end of the 1980s, even though the government may not have. The net worth of families making $20,000-$50,000 grew by 27% during the implementation of supply-side economic policies (Second). Also relating directly to the people, unemployment went from 7.6% to 5.5% (Second), a number that would be ideal to see today. Of the 20 million jobs created, more than half went to women and the employment of blacks was improved by 25% overall (Second) both of these things being extremely good indicators of the economy and extremely good indicators that supply-side economics work.The economic policies of Ronald Reagans administration accomplish the administrations four major policy objectives reduce the growth of g overnment spending reduce the marginal tax rates on income from both labor and capital reduce regulation and reduce inflation. The United States Federal Government should to adopt these policies again to get the country out of depression and back on track.High inflation and soaring oil prices gave Reagan the toughest period since World War II (Uchitelle), and he did his best with what he was handed. He pushed for all the right things to fix the economy. He may have spent too much money to truly balance the supply-side economics he was attempting to fulfill, but that should not subtract from the true supply-side theory, which can be proven to work through the data collected during the 1980s under Ronald Reagan. President Reagan set the shadiness for all Republicans to followFellow patriots, this is a call to arms. Do not let America fall any deeper than it already has. Vote for the candidates who support supply-side theory. Vote for those who wish to bring the country up, not make up it down further with stimulus packages and universal health care that the country cannot afford. It is not the duty of the wealthy to support the poor. It is the duty of Americans to exercise their rights to the pursuit of happiness and financial prosperity. Redistribution of wealth carried out by a government that wishes to micromanage the economy through overregulation and taxes is not the answer to the problems the United States faces. Set the sails and let the ship sail itself, because freedom and prosperity do not have to be on opposite ends of the spectrum. Supply-side economics work and they will continue to work in the future.Works CitedEvans, Kim.Major money flows within the U.S. economy. The American Economy. 2011 ed. Detroit Gale, 2010. Information positive(p) Reference Series.Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 18 Nov. 2012.Kirchhoff, Sue, and others. Reagan Had Lasting Impact on Worlds Economic Future.USA TODAY. 10 Jun 2004 n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher.Web. 18 Nov 2012. Krantz, Matt.Reagans Stock Success Not Unparalleled, but Try Telling That to Traders.USA TODAY. 10 Jun 2004 n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher.Web. 18 Nov 2012. McFall, Sally. Reaganomics.Economics. Danbury, CT Grolier Educational, 2002. N. pag.Print. Princeton University About WordNet.WordNet.Princeton University. 2010. http//wordnet.princeton.edu The Second American Revolution Reaganomics. Reaganfoundation.Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Library, 2010. Web. 18 Nov 2012. Ronald Reagan Radio consultation to the Nation on the Strategic Defense Initiative ,July 13, 1985.Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. http//www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pelvic inflammatory disease=38882. Uchitelle, Louis. A Political Comeback for Supply-Side Doctrine.New York Times (New York, NY). 26 Mar 2008 n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher.Web.18 Nov 2012.Weisenthal, Joe.The Untold fabrication Of How Clintons Budget Destroyed The American Economy.Business Inside r. Business Insider, 05 Sept. 2012. Web. 05 Dec. 2012.

A study of citizenship and its relation to surveillance and privacy Essay Example for Free

A study of citizenship and its relation to watchfulness and privacy EssayCitizenship as SurveillanceWhen you virtuoso out any particular group of commonwealth for molybdenumary citizenship status, thats a violation of basic charitable rights- Jimmy Carter. Often taken for granted, citizenship is something that we know superficially what it is, but never think too late about. But every single day, for millions of people, citizenship is something to be worried about, something that others use to rise above the rest. Based on personal experiences as well as extensive research, this essay will discuss not only(prenominal) what citizenship at its core is, but also its uses as watchfulness and how it impacts everyday life. I will be drawing primarily from concepts detai take by three scholars in the argona of surveillance- David Lyon, Steven Nock, and Michel Foucault, with some material from tin can Torpey. From Lyon, I will be referencing the ideas of social sorting and dat a flow from Nock, I will be referencing the idea of credentials from Foucault, I will be referencing the idea of disciplinal power. Furthermore, I will be looking at the impact of these concepts from each scholar onto the issues of social exclusion and discrimination. Through such an analysis, I will detail the net benefits and harms of citizenship as it pertains to surveillance and the everyday person.What is citizenship? Websters Dictionary hardly defines it as being an inhabitant of a city or town especially one entitled to the rights and privileges of a freeman. But of course, this is an incredibly superficial definition. At its core, according to John Torpey, citizenship is a expressive style for secernates to deprive people of the freedom to move across certain spaces and to render them dependent on states and the state system for the authorization to do so an authority widely held in private hands at that placetofore. While citizenship, at first glance, simply seems to be just another dash to distinguish in the midst of nationals of one state opposed to nationals of another, its use for establishments goes far greater than that. The insane asylum of passports and other such devices has led citizenship to not only be simply documentation, but also a method of control and surveillance. As Torpey furthers, A critical aspect of this process has been that people have also survive dependent on states for the possession of an identity from which they can escape only with difficulty and which may significantly shape their door to various spaces. While originally just a way for states to determine b rambles and other logistics, citizenship over the years has evolved greatly. From passports and Social Security numbers to crime databases and border patrol checks, the methods by which governments restrict and control our movements argon growing. However, the question remains How do states use citizenship to surveil its citizens?The primary way governm ents surveil its citizens through citizenship is the creation of passports. Passports allow for entry into the issuing country and are accepted as valid identification for foreign border crossings. Because passports are used as identification, they contain information such as name, date of birth, and biometrics. However, other(prenominal) simple identification, passports also serve as a means of surveillance is by providing identification/ salmagundi as well as tracking/restricting movement. As Torpey states, states have sought to monopolize the subject to authorize the movements of persons and unambiguously to establish their identities in order to enforce this authority. As detailed before, the crowning(prenominal) goal of citizenship is to restrict and control the movements of persons. The role passports play in this is by establishing the identity of such persons in order to better restrict them. Passports act as a credential, which, as Steven Nock writes, is a way to creat e reputation among strangers, or A minimum basis for trust in the absence of personal knowledge. He further, saying that credentials are necessary to the extent that we must trust people we dont know. In this sheath, passports act as a simple way for law enforcement to picture malefactors are not moving about freely. As such, checking passports at border crossing or flights not only establish identity, but also trust.The way passports do this is through data flow. As outlined by David Lyon, data flow is the transferring of information collected by one surveillance technology to another. In the case of passports, most, if not all, have an embedded chip that allows police, border patrol agents, and the like to simply raise a passport to pull up all of a citizens history. Most notably, this chip contains data from the TECS (Treasury Enforcement Communications Systems) which allows different law agencies to exchange criminal information with each other. That means that your entire c riminal record, whether it be with the Border Patrol, the FBI, or even the local police, can be found with just a swipe of your passport. But even more so, this data is then used for social sorting. Social sorting, as defined by David Lyon, is the social practice of surveillance and control to sort out, filter and serialize who need to be controlled and who is free of that control. At face value, this seems to be a good thing. After all, ensuring criminals are walking around free sounds like a good deal for a small attack of privacy. However, the issue comes with the use of social sorting today. As Lyon states, the new penology is concerned with techniques for identifying, managing and classifying groups sorted by levels of dangerousness. Rather than using evidence of criminal behaviour, newer approaches intervene on the basis of risk assessment. sooner of allowing or denying movement based on tangible criminal behavior, the use of such data has go towards prediction of criminal behavior. As such, social sorting in the case of citizenship has progressed past simply who is a criminal versus who is not a criminal and instead sorts people based on who is likely to become a criminal.The impact of this to everyday life is great. One specific way is through the idea of disciplinary power, which is, as Foucault defines it, the idea that Discipline is a mechanism of power which regulates the behaviour of individuals in the social body. This simply means that the use of surveillance allows institutions to use discipline to enforce specific behaviors within people. In the case of citizenship, this disciplinary power exists in two ways. Firstly, it exists from the government. A historical example of such is the case of the Soviet Union and Soviet passports. In this case, the Soviet Union issued passports based on who supported the Soviet ideology. Those who were all indoctrinated were allowed to travel freely however, those who did not support the Soviet ideology w ere effectively restricted to poor areas. As such, the Soviet Union used disciplinary power (restricting movement based on ideology) in order to promote a specific behavior (supporting the Soviet ideology). In this case, its directly from the government itself.However, the second way disciplinary power exists in citizenship is through the deinstitutionalization of disciplinary power, as offered by William Staples. Instead of the government itself directly enforcing specific behavior, this type of disciplinary power relies on other citizens to promote citizenship. And indeed, this concept is everyday even today, with prejudices against the foreigners and the illegals. This kind of social exclusion and discrimination promote the idea of citizenship if only to escape the attacks of others. talking to my parents, who immigrated to the United States from China, I found it interesting and slightly disheartening to hear their experiences. They way people accomplish citizens and noncitize ns if very different. Because my parents didnt speak very much English, communication was an issue and it was difficult getting jobs. in that respect was a certain measurement of prejudice against immigrants and not being a citizen incurs a certain amount of suspicion. After all, citizenship is seen as a patriotic duty, and not engaging in such a process can be perceived as not embracing the American culture. While the leaving in emplacement wasnt immediate and polarizing, there was a lot more acceptance when my parents became citizens. The attitude of those around them became more akin to that of a community rather than sticking out like a sore thumb. As such, from this experience, I found it clear the impact that disciplinary power had upon citizenship and social exclusion and discrimination. Theres a certain us versus them mentality, and the stigma associated with not being a citizen is great.As such, its clear the impact citizenship has on everyday life. Although it may seem innocuous, the role citizenship plays in surveillance is great. With the use of credentials and data flow, citizenship ultimately results in issues such as social sorting and disciplinary power. What then results is a great amount of social exclusion and discrimination based solely on the characteristics of citizenship. From immigration to criminal activity, everyone is subject to judgement and the increasing pervasion of privacy only exacerbates these impacts. While there does need to be a certain amount of credibility associated with each person, the overreach of states through surveillance will only result in increased tension and stratification.

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Example for Free

hot chocolate and Starbucks EssayTransnational corporations suck up had a tremendous impact on the interconnectivity that mingled with countries, corporations, and people on a international landscape. Fueled by capitalistic bringing close togetherls of increasing profits numerous corporations have expand there operations into the global marketplace, close to with much more success than differents. One such transnational corporation that has embodied this pursuit of amplification in domestic and unknown markets for profit is the Starbucks Coffee Company.This fraternity, which finds its root in the opening of a single sell location in Pike place food market of Downtown Seattle in 1971, has been able to infiltrate into count little foreign domains and capture into a global fireball of the food and beverage industry with everywhere nine thousand stores across the globe today in thirty-four countries knocked out(p)side of the Unites States. (Business Wire, 2005) Starb ucks serves is an excellent specimen of a alliance that follows continual patterns of involution directly correlating to amplification access to foreign markets, and also the ability to nurture development within these markets as hearty as gain access to bran-new markets through the Market merging. In my research of this gild and its path to globalization, I base that information about certain aspects of the company were more readily available than others.For example, I found that I had more difficulty finding scholarly articles that dealt with the distinct business strategies that Starbucks employed in guild to globalize, in that it became app arent that much of the information about the terms of their mergers and acquisitions were not released or that the companies and business groups that they did so with had websites that contained no information in English.Interestingly enough, I found more of an abundance of scholarly genuine on the homogeneous cultural impacts that S tarbucks has had and how the spreadhead of the companys locations worldwide has been receive by some cultures as the spread of Ameri seat values. A bulk of my research findings came from business reports and releases about the company, which were useful in keeping accounts of how the company was able to infiltrate global markets and expand. The Website was a good starting point for my research in that it provided points of occupy about the company that I could research into greater detail in vow to root out the bigger picture.In order for one to have a more complete understanding of how this company operates and how it has come to succeed at a global direct, I willing outline the companys geographic expansion in terms of its operations and production second, I will explain the companys main motivation for global expansion as considerably as concomitantors that had an effect on the expansion finally I will detail the methods of expansion and production employed by the compan y. These will all be discussed within the period frame from present day bum to 1996, when Starbucks first became a global corporation. (Starbucks. com)Of the nine thousand locations Starbucks has worldwide, over two thousand of those are outside of the United States in thirty four different countries. (Sowa, June 2004) The expansion of retail stores into foreign countries began with a sum venture with Sazabay Inc. in Japan in 1995, and then the chargetual(prenominal) opening of retail locations within the country during the following year. (starbucks. com) This was the first time Starbucks ever set up operations outside of the US, and it was in the form of construction of the Starbuck brand retail store locations operated by a foreign company.Starbucks entered the East Asian Market first, in countries such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan, the Philippines, and China, and concentrated on growth in these markets mainly for the first a few(prenominal) years of entering the foreign market. Eventually, Starbucks was able to break into other markets as well, such as Australia, London, and New Zealand amongst others year after year until its present standing of 34 countries in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East and the Pacific Rim with retail locations that exists today in 2005.(Business Wire, Feb 2005) Within these countries, retail operations were set up at first just primarily in areas with the densest population. (Ramsey, Mar. 1997) However, as the market for the Starbucks Brand continually increased, the locations passim the countries would increase and fan out from the city centers. This can be seen in the example of Japan, whom after 5 years operations had opened 300 stores by the year 2000. (starbucks.com) The primary raw material that Starbucks purchases and uses in terms of production is drinking chocolate beans.Coffee beans grow in regions near the equator, where the temper is suitable to sustain their growth. It follows that Starbucks pu rchases all of its beans from countries in South America, Africa, and Asia. Coffee beans that Starbucks write come from regions near the equator, such as South America, Africa, and Asia (Starbucks. com).Basically, the beans that are grown in these countries are purchased by the company to be roasted or packaged in all of its 9000 locations worldwide. However, Starbucks is not the only emptor when it comes to the bean put out as numerous other coffee retail companies rely on these farms as well, which places Starbucks as part a modular model commodity chain. The production of a generic commodity such as coffee beans allows for that commodity to be purchased by numerous companies without any affiliation or necessary interconnectivity mingled with them.Starbucks reasoning for their initial expansion domestically in the United States as well as into the foreign Market place was centered on the basic capitalistic need for increase in profits, as well as the promotion of free trade from a neo-liberalist standpoint. Looking back to Starbucks early domestic expansion, it can be noted that just prior to addition of retail operations in Japan in 1996, there had been signs of a retraction of sales events and growth, even with the addition of new retail locations domestically in the United States.There were signs of slowing in the US, one such beingness that comparable store sales, up 9 percent in 1995, were up 7 percent in 1996 and 5 percent approaching the following year. (Ramsey, Mar. 1997) These numbers indicate that it was becoming evident that in order to further sustain growth and high profit margins Starbucks could achieve gains and benefit from free trade by background up operations abroad. There are certain social contexts which provide commentary on the manner in which Starbucks was able to globalize.Especially that of the companys abilities to access markets from cultural and governmental standpoints. In order to couple the culture gap between marke ts, Starbucks must follow three basic steps first, it must plunge in prospecting the local culture and its nuances second, it must access the market conditions and the potential response to their presence and lastly they make or dont make the decision to mobilize (Santos 2004).All this is considered with the fact that they are marketing a product in not only the coffee but in the retail location itself, in that Starbucks attempts to blend an Italian style beverage with a highly European influenced coffee house setting (Santos 2004), which is something that has to be marketed correctly in order to effectively find its niche in a foreign market setting. This marketing schematic sheds light on the purpose in placing global operations in East Asia in the late 90s before breaking into the European market due to a dismayed blackball response to an American global presence in what had always been a highly saturated European local market.There was also a strong potential that the War in Afghanistan and later Iraq would have a devastating effect on growth and sales in the foreign market. There were some signs of this seen in April of 2003, when Starbucks was being heavily protested and boycotted in Lebanon and New Zealand, and was forced to pull operations out of Israel for fear of terrorist attacks.Despite these setbacks, however, it remained that Starbucks International persevered in revenues, according to Greg Schroeder, a research analyst with Fulcrum Global Partners LLC, who stated Starbucks popularity persists even in an economic downturn and during the war is an undeniably impressive feat as other retailers are struggling. (Jung, 2003) Starbucks maintained strong development during this period, and continued to open stores and form partnerships in Turkey, Chile, and Peru (Starbucks.com) despite facing political tensions created by Starbucks national affiliation with the United States.Market access brought Starbucks to the foreign domain but how they were ra ttling able to break into these markets came in the form of some key business strategies. Starbucks used a few basic strategies in order to gain access to a particular foreign market which was joint ventures, acquisitions, and licensing. Two specific examples include Starbucks acquisition of the Seattle Coffee Company in the United Kingdom with more than 60 retail locations in 1998(Starbucks.com) , and the joint venture Starbucks formed with Sazaby Inc in 1995.The acquisition of the Seattle Coffee company basically allowed Starbucks to renovate each retail location previously owned by the company and to ordinate the Starbucks name on each location as well. Another different but successful outline employed in Japan was that of the joint venture with Sazaby Inc. This partnership gave Sazaby Inc. the right to develop and operate coffeehouses throughout a defined region.The rationale behind both of these types of partnerships is explained by Peter Maslen, president of Starbucks Coffee International, who states, The idea is that an experienced local partner can help identify locations, sift through tax issues, and exceed Starbucks stores more community appeal. (Jung, Apr. 2003 p. E1) This allows Starbucks to continue to expand into other markets knowing that operations elsewhere are in the hands of carefully chosen partners and business groups who are able effectively read and access the climate of their targeted regions market.The employees, CEOs, and other workers all have an integral part in this corporations ability to globalize. Starting at the level of both full as well as part time employees which facilitate the day-to-day functions of the retail locations in each of the 34 countries that Starbucks operates in, we can see that they receive a fair amount of benefits including above-average hourly-wages, a comprehensive health benefit plan, and stock options. (Sancovich, 2002) Increased development and growth will fair well for those with stock in the compa ny, including employees at the retail level.If the scope is broadened however, a very large gap exists between employees at the corporate level and those who produce the raw materials(coffee beans) that the company modulates into packaged or roasted coffee sales. It should be noted that Starbucks prides itself on the sale of Fair parcel out Coffee in its stores to benefit the farmers that supply their coffee beans, which certifies that growers and farmers would receive a premium expense above the prevailing market price for the sale of the coffee beans they produce (Starbucks. com).It should also then be noted that, according to an author in the ecologist, Starbucks advertises the fact that it bought 1. 1 million pounds of coffee last year at fair trade prices ($1. 27 per pound). This represents less than 0. 5 per cent of the coffee Starbucks buys each year. Fair trade is also highly profitable. While Starbucks pays $1. 27 per pound for fair-trade coffee, one pound of that coffee sells for $11. 45. Thats a 90 per cent mark-up (The Ecologist, Vol. 33, p. 22, 2003) The fact that Starbucks buys Fair Trade coffee in actuality does little to benefit the farmers who grow their beans.Another notable feature of the relationship between the owners, employees, and farmers is the overall disparity between employees at the corporate level and those employed to grow coffee beans, Millions of coffee farmers survive on less than $2 a week. Orin C Smith, Starbucks president and CEO, was paid $1,088,269 in 2002, and received a bonus of L1,362,500. Exercising share options in the company made him a further $36,321,643. He stands to make around $8. 5m more on share options granted in 2002.(The Ecologist, Vol. 33, p. 22, 2003) The economic disparity between wages is a direct result of the practices Starbucks engages in, such as markups. The farmers, as well as the retail employees would gain from the continued global development of the company, in that higher demand for coffee would increase the price of coffee for farmers and stock options would benefit regular employees, but would do so to an exponentially smaller tier than the employees at the corporate level of operations.